333 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
333 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
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# © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
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# License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
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# Generated using tools/cldr/cldr-to-icu/build-icu-data.xml
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#
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# File: my_my_FONIPA.txt
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# Generated from CLDR
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#
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# Pronunciation rules for Burmese.
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#
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# The following rules are lexical and heuristic: lexical in the sense
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# that they generate phoneme strings which may further undergo
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# post-lexical phonological processes, in particular voicing, to
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# result in actual surface forms; heuristic in the sense that they try
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# to resolve ambiguities, especially around reduced vowels, in a
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# systematic way that may be incorrect in many situations. Vowel
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# reduction depends on many factors, such as morphemic structure,
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# which are not available here.
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#
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# Definitions
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#
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# Dependent vowel signs
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$vs_AA = \u102B;
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$vs_aa = \u102C;
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$vs_i = \u102D;
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$vs_ii = \u102E;
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$vs_u = \u102F;
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$vs_uu = \u1030;
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$vs_e = \u1031;
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$vs_ai = \u1032;
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# Various signs
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$anusvara = \u1036;
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$visarga = \u1038;
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$virama = \u1039;
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$asat = \u103A;
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# Dependent (medial) consonant signs
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$med_y = \u103B;
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$med_r = \u103C;
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$med_w = \u103D;
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$med_h = \u103E;
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# Independent letters and letter-like punctuation symbols
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$independent = [\u1000-\u102A \u103F \u104C-\u104F \u1050-\u1055];
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$creaky = \u0330;
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$high = \u0301;
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$low = \u0300;
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$coda = [$creaky $high $low ɴ ʔ ə]; # TODO: remove if unused
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#
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# Preprocessing
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#
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::NFC;
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# Replace U+102B TALL AA with U+102C AA. Their pronunciation is identical.
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$vs_AA → $vs_aa;
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# Unstack kinzi (င\u103A plus U+1039 VIRAMA) into plain င\u103A.
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# Hmm, what would happen if the syllable ending in kinzi had non-low tone?
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င\u103A $virama → င\u103A;
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# Unstack everything else, i.e. replace U+1039 VIRAMA with U+103A ASAT.
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$virama → $asat;
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# Unstack U+103F GREAT SA.
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ဿ → သ\u103Aသ;
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# Insert a syllable boundary marker /./ before every independent letter.
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::Null;
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[^.$] { } $independent ([\u1037\u103B-\u103E])* [^\u103A] → \.;
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# Insert default inherent vowel: /a\u0330/ at the end, /ə/ everywhere else.
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::Null;
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([\u1000-\u1021\u103F] [\u103B-\u103E]*) } [$] → $1 a $creaky;
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([\u1000-\u1021\u103F] [\u103B-\u103E]*) } \. → $1 ə;
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# Allow for additional coda consonants.
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#
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# This only covers a few of the cases in which full coda consonants
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# can appear in loanwords. The general situation is somewhat rare and
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# is more easily dealt with in a formalism that can impose structural
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# constraints on syllables more easily.
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::Null;
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$asat ($visarga)? [\u1000-\u102A] { $asat → ;
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# Deal with ၎င\u103Aး early.
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၎င\u103Aး → lə\.ɡa $high ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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#
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# Rhymes
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#
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::Null;
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က\u103A → ɛʔ;
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ဂ\u103A → ɛʔ; # in မဂ\u1039ဂဇင\u103Aး ~ မဂ\u103Aဂဇင\u103Aး /mɛʔ.ɡə.zɪ\u0301ɴ/
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င\u1037\u103A → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
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င\u103Aး → ɪ $high ɴ;
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င\u103A → ɪ $low ɴ;
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စ\u103A → ɪʔ; # maybe sometimes /eɪ\u032Fʔ/
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ဉ\u1037\u103A → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
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ဉ\u103Aး → ɪ $high ɴ;
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ဉ\u103A → ɪ $low ɴ;
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ည\u1037\u103A → ɛ $creaky;
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ည\u103Aး → ɛ $high;
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ည\u103A → ɛ $low;
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ဏ\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ɴ;
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ဏ\u103Aး → a $high ɴ;
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ဏ\u103A → a $low ɴ;
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တ\u103A → aʔ;
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န\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ɴ;
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န\u103Aး → a $high ɴ;
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န\u103A → a $low ɴ;
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ပ\u103A → aʔ;
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မ\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ɴ;
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မ\u103Aး → a $high ɴ;
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မ\u103A → a $low ɴ;
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ယ\u1037\u103A → ɛ $creaky;
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ယ\u103Aး → ɛ $high;
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ယ\u103A → ɛ $low;
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သ\u103A → aʔ;
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$vs_aa ဉ\u1037\u103A → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
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$vs_aa ဉ\u103Aး → ɪ $high ɴ;
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$vs_aa ဉ\u103A → ɪ $low ɴ;
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$vs_aa တ\u103A → aʔ;
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$vs_aa ဏ\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ɴ;
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$vs_aa ဏ\u103Aး → a $high ɴ;
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$vs_aa ဏ\u103A → a $low ɴ;
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$vs_aa န\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ɴ;
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$vs_aa န\u103Aး → a $high ɴ;
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$vs_aa န\u103A → a $low ɴ;
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$vs_aa ပ\u103A → aʔ; # in ကလာပ\u103Aစည\u103Aး /kə.laʔ.sɛ\u0301/ (club cell)
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$vs_aa ယ\u1037\u103A → ɛ $creaky;
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$vs_aa ယ\u103Aး → ɛ $high;
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$vs_aa ယ\u103A → ɛ $low;
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$vs_aa \u1037 → a $creaky; # redundant creaky tone
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$vs_aa း → a $high;
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$vs_aa → a $low;
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$vs_i က\u103A → eɪ\u032Fʔ;
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$vs_i စ\u103A → eɪ\u032Fʔ;
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$vs_i တ\u103A → eɪ\u032Fʔ;
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$vs_i န\u1037\u103A → e $creaky ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i န\u103Aး → e $high ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i န\u103A → e $low ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i ပ\u103A → eɪ\u032Fʔ;
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$vs_i မ\u1037\u103A → e $creaky ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i မ\u103Aး → e $high ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i မ\u103A → e $low ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i $vs_u က\u103A → aɪ\u032Fʔ;
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$vs_i $vs_u င\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i $vs_u င\u103Aး → a $high ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i $vs_u င\u103A → a $low ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i $vs_u ဏ\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i $vs_u ဏ\u103Aး → a $high ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i $vs_u ဏ\u103A → a $low ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i $vs_u ယ\u1037\u103A → o $creaky;
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$vs_i $vs_u ယ\u103Aး → o $high;
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$vs_i $vs_u ယ\u103A → o $low; # in က\u102D\u102Fယ\u103A /kò/
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$vs_i $vs_u \u1037 → o $creaky;
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$vs_i $vs_u း → o $high;
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$vs_i $vs_u → o $low;
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$vs_i $anusvara \u1037 → e $creaky ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i $anusvara း → e $high ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i $anusvara → e $low ɪ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_i → i $creaky;
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$vs_ii \u1037 → i $creaky; # this does not usually occur
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$vs_ii း → i $high;
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$vs_ii → i $low;
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$vs_u က\u103A → oʊ\u032Fʔ;
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$vs_u ဂ\u103A → oʊ\u032Fʔ;
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$vs_u ဏ\u1037\u103A → o $creaky ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_u ဏ\u103Aး → o $high ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_u ဏ\u103A → o $low ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_u တ\u103A → oʊ\u032Fʔ;
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$vs_u န\u1037\u103A → o $creaky ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_u န\u103Aး → o $high ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_u န\u103A → o $low ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_u ပ\u103A → oʊ\u032Fʔ;
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$vs_u မ\u1037\u103A → o $creaky ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_u မ\u103Aး → o $high ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_u မ\u103A → o $low ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_u $anusvara \u1037 → o $creaky ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_u $anusvara း → o $high ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_u $anusvara → o $low ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_u → u $creaky;
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$vs_uu \u1037 → u $creaky; # this does not usually occur
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$vs_uu း → u $high;
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$vs_uu → u $low;
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$vs_e တ\u103A → ɪʔ;
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$vs_e $vs_aa က\u103A → aʊ\u032Fʔ;
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$vs_e $vs_aa င\u1037\u103A → a $creaky ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_e $vs_aa င\u103Aး → a $high ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_e $vs_aa င\u103A → a $low ʊ\u032Fɴ;
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$vs_e $vs_aa \u1037 → ɔ $creaky;
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$vs_e $vs_aa း → ɔ $high; # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
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$vs_e $vs_aa \u103A → ɔ $low;
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$vs_e $vs_aa → ɔ $high;
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$vs_e \u1037 → e $creaky;
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$vs_e း → e $high;
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$vs_e → e $low;
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$vs_ai \u1037 → ɛ $creaky;
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$vs_ai း → ɛ $high; # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
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$vs_ai → ɛ $high;
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$anusvara \u1037 → a $creaky ɴ;
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$anusvara း → a $high ɴ;
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$anusvara → a $low ɴ;
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$med_w တ\u103A → ʊʔ;
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$med_w န\u1037\u103A → ʊ $creaky ɴ;
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$med_w န\u103Aး → ʊ $high ɴ;
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$med_w န\u103A → ʊ $low ɴ;
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$med_w ပ\u103A → ʊʔ;
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$med_w မ\u1037\u103A → ʊ $creaky ɴ;
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$med_w မ\u103Aး → ʊ $high ɴ;
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$med_w မ\u103A → ʊ $low ɴ;
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#
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# Medials
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#
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::Null;
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# Palatalization of the velar stops before MEDIAL YA and MEDIAL RA:
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# velar + /j/ ==> modern palatals.
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ကျ → t\u0361ɕ;
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ချ → t\u0361ɕʰ;
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ဂျ → d\u0361ʑ;
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ဃျ → d\u0361ʑ;
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ကြ → t\u0361ɕ;
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ခြ → t\u0361ɕʰ;
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ဂြ → d\u0361ʑ;
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ဃြ → d\u0361ʑ;
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# Remove redundant MEDIAL YA and MEDIAL RA after initial YA.
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ယ { [$med_y $med_r] → ;
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# Reorder the medials so that U+103E SIGN MEDIAL HA comes before any
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# other medials.
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# First, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103D MEDIAL WA.
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\u103D \u103E → \u103E \u103D;
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::Null;
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# Now MEDIAL WA comes last.
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# Produce the palatal ʃ from (SA|LA)+YA+HA.
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သျ\u103E → ʃ;
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လျ\u103E → ʃ;
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# Second, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103C MEDIAL RA.
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\u103C \u103E → \u103E \u103C;
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::Null;
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# Finally, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103B MEDIAL YA.
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\u103B \u103E → \u103E \u103B;
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::Null;
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# Consume MEDIAL HA and apply devoicing.
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င\u103E → ŋ\u030A;
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ဉ\u103E → ɲ\u0325;
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ည\u103E → ɲ\u0325;
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ဏ\u103E → n\u0325;
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န\u103E → n\u0325;
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မ\u103E → m\u0325;
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ယ\u103E → ʃ;
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ရ\u103E → ʃ;
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လ\u103E → l\u0325;
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ဝ\u103E → w\u0325;
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ဠ\u103E → l\u0325;
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# Drop any remaining U+103E MEDIAL HA.
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\u103E → ;
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# Simplify medial cluster /jw/ to /w/, i.e. drop U+103B MEDIAL YA and
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# U+103C MEDIAL RA before U+103D MEDIAL WA. # TODO: revisit this
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\u103B } \u103D → ;
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\u103C } \u103D → ;
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\u103B → j;
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\u103C → j;
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\u103D → w;
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#
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# Initials
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#
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# Velars
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က → k;
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ခ → kʰ;
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ဂ → ɡ;
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ဃ → ɡ;
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င → ŋ;
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# Historic palatals
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စ → s;
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ဆ → sʰ;
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ဇ → z;
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ဈ → z;
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ဉ → ɲ;
|
|||
|
|
ည → ɲ;
|
|||
|
|
# Alveolars
|
|||
|
|
ဋ → t;
|
|||
|
|
ဌ → tʰ;
|
|||
|
|
ဍ → d;
|
|||
|
|
ဎ → d;
|
|||
|
|
ဏ → n;
|
|||
|
|
# Historic dentals ==> alveolars
|
|||
|
|
တ → t;
|
|||
|
|
ထ → tʰ;
|
|||
|
|
ဒ → d;
|
|||
|
|
ဓ → d;
|
|||
|
|
န → n;
|
|||
|
|
# Labials
|
|||
|
|
ပ → p;
|
|||
|
|
ဖ → pʰ;
|
|||
|
|
ဗ → b;
|
|||
|
|
ဘ → b;
|
|||
|
|
မ → m;
|
|||
|
|
# Other letters
|
|||
|
|
ယ → j;
|
|||
|
|
ရ → j; # historic /r/
|
|||
|
|
လ\u103A → ; # final, typically not pronounced in native words
|
|||
|
|
လ → l;
|
|||
|
|
ဝ → w;
|
|||
|
|
သ → θ; # historic /s/ ==> modern dental
|
|||
|
|
ဟ → h;
|
|||
|
|
ဠ → l;
|
|||
|
|
အ → ʔ;
|
|||
|
|
# Independent vowels
|
|||
|
|
ဣ\u1037 → ʔḭ; # redundant creaky tone; this does not usually occur
|
|||
|
|
ဣး → ʔí; # this does not usually occur
|
|||
|
|
ဣ → ʔḭ;
|
|||
|
|
ဤ\u1037 → ʔḭ; # this does not usually occur
|
|||
|
|
ဤး → ʔí; # this does not usually occur
|
|||
|
|
ဤ → ʔì;
|
|||
|
|
ဥ\u1037 → ʔṵ; # redundant creaky tone; this does not usually occur
|
|||
|
|
ဥး → ʔú; # this does not usually occur
|
|||
|
|
ဥ → ʔṵ;
|
|||
|
|
ဦ\u1037 → ʔṵ; # this does not usually occur
|
|||
|
|
ဦး → ʔú;
|
|||
|
|
ဦ → ʔù;
|
|||
|
|
ဧ\u1037 → ʔḛ; # this does not usually occur
|
|||
|
|
ဧး → ʔé;
|
|||
|
|
ဧ → ʔè;
|
|||
|
|
ဩ\u1037 → ʔɔ\u0330; # this does not usually occur
|
|||
|
|
ဩး → ʔɔ\u0301; # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
|
|||
|
|
ဩ → ʔɔ\u0301;
|
|||
|
|
ဪ\u1037 → ʔɔ\u0330; # this does not usually occur
|
|||
|
|
ဪး → ʔɔ\u0301; # this does not usually occur
|
|||
|
|
ဪ → ʔɔ\u0300;
|
|||
|
|
# Various signs
|
|||
|
|
၌ → n\u0325aɪ\u032Fʔ;
|
|||
|
|
၍ → jwḛ;
|
|||
|
|
# ၎င\u103Aး was handled earlier.
|
|||
|
|
၏ → ʔḭ;
|
|||
|
|
#
|
|||
|
|
# Postprocessing
|
|||
|
|
#
|
|||
|
|
# Delete any remaining U+103A ASAT.
|
|||
|
|
$asat → ;
|
|||
|
|
# Delete zero-width space, non-joiner, joiner.
|
|||
|
|
[\u200B-\u200D] → ;
|
|||
|
|
::NFC;
|
|||
|
|
|