This is binutils.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from /home/xpgcust/tree/RI-2019.1/ib/p4root/Xtensa/Software/binutils/binutils/doc/binutils.texi. 10/2018 Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Copyright (C) 1999-2013 Tensilica, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". This publication is provided "AS IS." Tensilica, Inc. (hereafter "Tensilica") does not make any warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software developers to use Tensilica(R) processors. Unless specifically set forth herein, there are no express or implied patent, copyright or any other intellectual property rights or licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate Tensilica integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in this document. Tensilica does not warrant that the contents of this publication, whether individually or as one or more groups, meets your requirements or that the publication is error-free. This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes may be made to the information herein, and these changes may be incorporated in new editions of this publication. The following terms are trademarks or registered trademarks of Tensilica, Inc.: FLIX, OSKit, Sea of Processors, Tensilica, Vectra, Xplorer, XPRES, and Xtensa. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective companies.  File: binutils.info, Node: Top, Next: Revisions, Up: (dir) GNU Binary Utilities User's Guide ********************************* This brief manual contains documentation for the GNU binary utilities Version 2.23.2 for Xtensa Tools Version 14. This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". * Menu: * Revisions:: Changes from previous versions. * ar:: Create, modify, and extract from archives * nm:: List symbols from object files * objcopy:: Copy and translate object files * objdump:: Display information from object files * ranlib:: Generate index to archive contents * readelf:: Display the contents of ELF format files. * size:: List section sizes and total size * strings:: List printable strings from files * strip:: Discard symbols * elfedit:: Update the ELF header of ELF files * c++filt:: Filter to demangle encoded C++ symbols * cxxfilt: c++filt. MS-DOS name for c++filt * addr2line:: Convert addresses to file and line * Common Options:: Command-line options for all utilities * GNU Free Documentation License:: GNU Free Documentation License * History:: History of this document. * Binutils Index:: Index  File: binutils.info, Node: Revisions, Next: ar, Prev: Top, Up: Top Changes from Previous Versions ****************************** The following changes were made to this document for the Xtensa Tools version 11.0 released in the Tensilica RF-2014.0 release: Xtensa Tools: * Upgraded from version 2.20 to version 2.23.2 of the GNU Binary Utilities.  File: binutils.info, Node: ar, Next: nm, Prev: Revisions, Up: Top 1 ar **** xt-ar [-]P[MOD [RELPOS] [COUNT]] [`--target' BFDNAME] ARCHIVE [MEMBER...] The GNU `ar' program creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An "archive" is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called "members" of the archive). The original files' contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and group are preserved in the archive, and can be restored on extraction. GNU `ar' can maintain archives whose members have names of any length; however, depending on how `ar' is configured on your system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed for compatibility with archive formats maintained with other tools. If it exists, the limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16 characters (typical of formats related to coff). `ar' is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort are most often used as "libraries" holding commonly needed subroutines. `ar' creates an index to the symbols defined in relocatable object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier `s'. Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever `ar' makes a change to its contents (save for the `q' update operation). An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to their placement in the archive. You may use `xt-nm -s' or `xt-nm --print-armap' to list this index table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of `ar' called `ranlib' can be used to add just the table. GNU `ar' can optionally create a _thin_ archive, which contains a symbol index and references to the original copies of the member files of the archives. Such an archive is useful for building libraries for use within a local build, where the relocatable objects are expected to remain available, and copying the contents of each object would only waste time and space. Thin archives are also _flattened_, so that adding one or more archives to a thin archive will add the elements of the nested archive individually. The paths to the elements of the archive are stored relative to the archive itself. `xt-ar' insists on at least two arguments to execute: one keyletter specifying the _operation_ (optionally accompanied by other keyletters specifying _modifiers_), and the archive name to act on. Most operations can also accept further MEMBER arguments, specifying particular files to operate on. GNU `ar' allows you to mix the operation code P and modifier flags MOD in any order, within the first command-line argument. If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a dash. The P keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be any of the following, but you must specify only one of them: `d' _Delete_ modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to be deleted as MEMBER...; the archive is untouched if you specify no files to delete. If you specify the `v' modifier, `ar' lists each module as it is deleted. `m' Use this operation to _move_ members in an archive. The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how programs are linked using the library, if a symbol is defined in more than one member. If no modifiers are used with `m', any members you name in the MEMBER arguments are moved to the _end_ of the archive; you can use the `a', `b', or `i' modifiers to move them to a specified place instead. `p' _Print_ the specified members of the archive, to the standard output file. If the `v' modifier is specified, show the member name before copying its contents to standard output. If you specify no MEMBER arguments, all the files in the archive are printed. `q' _Quick append_; Historically, add the files MEMBER... to the end of ARCHIVE, without checking for replacement. The modifiers `a', `b', and `i' do _not_ affect this operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive. The modifier `v' makes `ar' list each file as it is appended. Since the point of this operation is speed, the archive's symbol table index is not updated, even if it already existed; you can use `xt-ar s' or `xt-ranlib' explicitly to update the symbol table index. However, too many different systems assume quick append rebuilds the index, so GNU `ar' implements `q' as a synonym for `r'. `r' Insert the files MEMBER... into ARCHIVE (with _replacement_). This operation differs from `q' in that any previously existing members are deleted if their names match those being added. If one of the files named in MEMBER... does not exist, `ar' displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members of the archive matching that name. By default, new members are added at the end of the file; but you may use one of the modifiers `a', `b', or `i' to request placement relative to some existing member. The modifier `v' used with this operation elicits a line of output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters `a' or `r' to indicate whether the file was appended (no old member deleted) or replaced. `s' Add an index to the archive, or update it if it already exists. Note this command is an exception to the rule that there can only be one command letter, as it is possible to use it as either a command or a modifier. In either case it does the same thing. `t' Display a _table_ listing the contents of ARCHIVE, or those of the files listed in MEMBER... that are present in the archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to see the modes (permissions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can request that by also specifying the `v' modifier. If you do not specify a MEMBER, all files in the archive are listed. If there is more than one file with the same name (say, `fie') in an archive (say `b.a'), `xt-ar t b.a fie' lists only the first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete listing--in our example, `xt-ar t b.a'. `x' _Extract_ members (named MEMBER) from the archive. You can use the `v' modifier with this operation, to request that `ar' list each name as it extracts it. If you do not specify a MEMBER, all files in the archive are extracted. Files cannot be extracted from a thin archive. `--help' Displays the list of command line options supported by `ar' and then exits. `--version' Displays the version information of `ar' and then exits. A number of modifiers (MOD) may immediately follow the P keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behavior: `a' Add new files _after_ an existing member of the archive. If you use the modifier `a', the name of an existing archive member must be present as the RELPOS argument, before the ARCHIVE specification. `b' Add new files _before_ an existing member of the archive. If you use the modifier `b', the name of an existing archive member must be present as the RELPOS argument, before the ARCHIVE specification. (same as `i'). `c' _Create_ the archive. The specified ARCHIVE is always created if it did not exist, when you request an update. But a warning is issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by using this modifier. `D' Operate in _deterministic_ mode. When adding files and the archive index use zero for UIDs, GIDs, timestamps, and use consistent file modes for all files. When this option is used, if `ar' is used with identical options and identical input files, multiple runs will create identical output files regardless of the input files' owners, groups, file modes, or modification times. If `binutils' was configured with `--enable-deterministic-archives', then this mode is on by default. It can be disabled with the `U' modifier, below. `f' Truncate names in the archive. GNU `ar' will normally permit file names of any length. This will cause it to create archives which are not compatible with the native `ar' program on some systems. If this is a concern, the `f' modifier may be used to truncate file names when putting them in the archive. `i' Insert new files _before_ an existing member of the archive. If you use the modifier `i', the name of an existing archive member must be present as the RELPOS argument, before the ARCHIVE specification. (same as `b'). `l' This modifier is accepted but not used. `N' Uses the COUNT parameter. This is used if there are multiple entries in the archive with the same name. Extract or delete instance COUNT of the given name from the archive. `o' Preserve the _original_ dates of members when extracting them. If you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive are stamped with the time of extraction. `P' Use the full path name when matching names in the archive. GNU `ar' can not create an archive with a full path name (such archives are not POSIX complaint), but other archive creators can. This option will cause GNU `ar' to match file names using a complete path name, which can be convenient when extracting a single file from an archive created by another tool. `s' Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one, even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier flag either with any operation, or alone. Running `xt-ar s' on an archive is equivalent to running `xt-ranlib' on it. `S' Do not generate an archive symbol table. This can speed up building a large library in several steps. The resulting archive can not be used with the linker. In order to build a symbol table, you must omit the `S' modifier on the last execution of `xt-ar', or you must run `ranlib' on the archive. `T' Make the specified ARCHIVE a _thin_ archive. If it already exists and is a regular archive, the existing members must be present in the same directory as ARCHIVE. `u' Normally, `xt-ar r'... inserts all files listed into the archive. If you would like to insert _only_ those of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same names, use this modifier. The `u' modifier is allowed only for the operation `r' (replace). In particular, the combination `qu' is not allowed, since checking the timestamps would lose any speed advantage from the operation `q'. `U' Do _not_ operate in _deterministic_ mode. This is the inverse of the `D' modifier, above: added files and the archive index will get their actual UID, GID, timestamp, and file mode values. This is the default unless `binutils' was configured with `--enable-deterministic-archives'. `v' This modifier requests the _verbose_ version of an operation. Many operations display additional information, such as filenames processed, when the modifier `v' is appended. `V' This modifier shows the version number of `ar'. `ar' ignores an initial option spelt `-X32_64', for compatibility with AIX. The behaviour produced by this option is the default for GNU `ar'. `ar' does not support any of the other `-X' options; in particular, it does not support `-X32' which is the default for AIX `ar'. The optional command line switch `--target' BFDNAME specifies that the archive members are in an object code format different from your system's default format. See *Note Target Selection::, for more information.  File: binutils.info, Node: nm, Next: objcopy, Prev: ar, Up: Top 2 nm **** xt-nm [`-a'|`--debug-syms'] [`-g'|`--extern-only'] [`-B'] [`-C'|`--demangle'[=STYLE]] [`-D'|`--dynamic'] [`-S'|`--print-size'] [`-s'|`--print-armap'] [`-A'|`-o'|`--print-file-name'][`--special-syms'] [`-n'|`-v'|`--numeric-sort'] [`-p'|`--no-sort'] [`-r'|`--reverse-sort'] [`--size-sort'] [`-u'|`--undefined-only'] [`-t' RADIX|`--radix='RADIX] [`-P'|`--portability'] [`--target='BFDNAME] [`-f'FORMAT|`--format='FORMAT] [`--defined-only'] [`-l'|`--line-numbers'] [`--no-demangle'] [`-V'|`--version'] [`-X 32_64'] [`--help'] [OBJFILE...] [`--xtensa-core='NAME] [`--xtensa-system='REGISTRY] [`--xtensa-params='PATH] [`--help'] [OBJFILE...] GNU `nm' lists the symbols from object files OBJFILE.... If no object files are listed as arguments, `nm' assumes the file `a.out'. For each symbol, `nm' shows: * The symbol value, in the radix selected by options (see below), or hexadecimal by default. * The symbol type. At least the following types are used; others are, as well, depending on the object file format. If lowercase, the symbol is usually local; if uppercase, the symbol is global (external). There are however a few lowercase symbols that are shown for special global symbols (`u', `v' and `w'). `A' The symbol's value is absolute, and will not be changed by further linking. `B' `b' The symbol is in the uninitialized data section (known as BSS). `C' The symbol is common. Common symbols are uninitialized data. When linking, multiple common symbols may appear with the same name. If the symbol is defined anywhere, the common symbols are treated as undefined references. For more details on common symbols, see the discussion of -warn-common in *Note Command Line Options: (ld)Options. `D' `d' The symbol is in the initialized data section. `G' `g' The symbol is in an initialized data section for small objects. Some object file formats permit more efficient access to small data objects, such as a global int variable as opposed to a large global array. `i' For ELF format files this indicates that the symbol is an indirect function. This is a GNU extension to the standard set of ELF symbol types. It indicates a symbol which if referenced by a relocation does not evaluate to its address, but instead must be invoked at runtime. The runtime execution will then return the value to be used in the relocation. `N' The symbol is a debugging symbol. `p' The symbols is in a stack unwind section. `R' `r' The symbol is in a read only data section. `S' `s' The symbol is in an uninitialized data section for small objects. `T' `t' The symbol is in the text (code) section. `U' The symbol is undefined. `u' The symbol is a unique global symbol. This is a GNU extension to the standard set of ELF symbol bindings. For such a symbol the dynamic linker will make sure that in the entire process there is just one symbol with this name and type in use. `V' `v' The symbol is a weak object. When a weak defined symbol is linked with a normal defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error. When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined, the value of the weak symbol becomes zero with no error. `W' `w' The symbol is a weak symbol that has not been specifically tagged as a weak object symbol. When a weak defined symbol is linked with a normal defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error. When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined, the value of the symbol is determined in a system-specific manner without error. On some systems, uppercase indicates that a default value has been specified. `-' The symbol is a stabs symbol in an a.out object file. In this case, the next values printed are the stabs other field, the stabs desc field, and the stab type. Stabs symbols are used to hold debugging information. `?' The symbol type is unknown, or object file format specific. * The symbol name. The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are equivalent. `-A' `-o' `--print-file-name' Precede each symbol by the name of the input file (or archive member) in which it was found, rather than identifying the input file once only, before all of its symbols. `-a' `--debug-syms' Display all symbols, even debugger-only symbols; normally these are not listed. `-B' The same as `--format=bsd' (for compatibility with the MIPS `nm'). `-C' `--demangle[=STYLE]' Decode ("demangle") low-level symbol names into user-level names. Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this makes C++ function names readable. Different compilers have different mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler. *Note c++filt::, for more information on demangling. `--no-demangle' Do not demangle low-level symbol names. This is the default. `-D' `--dynamic' Display the dynamic symbols rather than the normal symbols. This is only meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared libraries. `-f FORMAT' `--format=FORMAT' Use the output format FORMAT, which can be `bsd', `sysv', or `posix'. The default is `bsd'. Only the first character of FORMAT is significant; it can be either upper or lower case. `-g' `--extern-only' Display only external symbols. `-l' `--line-numbers' For each symbol, use debugging information to try to find a filename and line number. For a defined symbol, look for the line number of the address of the symbol. For an undefined symbol, look for the line number of a relocation entry which refers to the symbol. If line number information can be found, print it after the other symbol information. `-n' `-v' `--numeric-sort' Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, rather than alphabetically by their names. `-p' `--no-sort' Do not bother to sort the symbols in any order; print them in the order encountered. `-P' `--portability' Use the POSIX.2 standard output format instead of the default format. Equivalent to `-f posix'. `-S' `--print-size' Print both value and size of defined symbols for the `bsd' output style. `-s' `--print-armap' When listing symbols from archive members, include the index: a mapping (stored in the archive by `ar' or `ranlib') of which modules contain definitions for which names. `-r' `--reverse-sort' Reverse the order of the sort (whether numeric or alphabetic); let the last come first. `--size-sort' Sort symbols by size. The size is computed as the difference between the value of the symbol and the value of the symbol with the next higher value. If the `bsd' output format is used the size of the symbol is printed, rather than the value, and `-S' must be used in order both size and value to be printed. `--special-syms' Display symbols which have a target-specific special meaning. These symbols are usually used by the target for some special processing and are not normally helpful when included included in the normal symbol lists. For example for ARM targets this option would skip the mapping symbols used to mark transitions between ARM code, THUMB code and data. `-t RADIX' `--radix=RADIX' Use RADIX as the radix for printing the symbol values. It must be `d' for decimal, `o' for octal, or `x' for hexadecimal. `--target=BFDNAME' Specify an object code format other than your system's default format. *Note Target Selection::, for more information. `-u' `--undefined-only' Display only undefined symbols (those external to each object file). `--defined-only' Display only defined symbols for each object file. `-V' `--version' Show the version number of `nm' and exit. `-X' This option is ignored for compatibility with the AIX version of `nm'. It takes one parameter which must be the string `32_64'. The default mode of AIX `nm' corresponds to `-X 32', which is not supported by GNU `nm'. `--xtensa-core=NAME' Specify the name of an Xtensa processor core configuration to use. The configuration information is taken from the entry for NAME in the Xtensa core registry (see the `--xtensa-system' option). If this option is not specified, the Xtensa core name is either the value of the `XTENSA_CORE' environment variable or "default" if that variable is not set. `--xtensa-system=REGISTRY' Specify a directory to be used as the Xtensa core registry. If this option is not set, the `XTENSA_SYSTEM' environment variable specifies the Xtensa registry, and if that is not set, the default registry, `/config', is used. Please see the `Xtensa Software Development Toolkit User's Guide' for more information about Xtensa core registries. `--xtensa-params=PATH' Specify the location of the parameter file in a TIE Development Kit (TDK) that was produced by running the TIE Compiler (tc). If PATH identifies a directory rather than a file, the parameters are read from a file named `default-params' if it exists in that directory. The parameter file may also be specified by setting the `XTENSA_PARAMS' environment variable. The `--xtensa-params' option takes precedence over the environment variable. See the `Tensilica Instruction Extension (TIE) Language User's Guide' for more information. `--help' Show a summary of the options to `nm' and exit.  File: binutils.info, Node: objcopy, Next: objdump, Prev: nm, Up: Top 3 objcopy ********* xt-objcopy [`-F' BFDNAME|`--target='BFDNAME] [`-I' BFDNAME|`--input-target='BFDNAME] [`-O' BFDNAME|`--output-target='BFDNAME] [`-B' BFDARCH|`--binary-architecture='BFDARCH] [`-S'|`--strip-all'] [`-g'|`--strip-debug'] [`-K' SYMBOLNAME|`--keep-symbol='SYMBOLNAME] [`-N' SYMBOLNAME|`--strip-symbol='SYMBOLNAME] [`--strip-unneeded-symbol='SYMBOLNAME] [`-G' SYMBOLNAME|`--keep-global-symbol='SYMBOLNAME] [`--localize-hidden'] [`-L' SYMBOLNAME|`--localize-symbol='SYMBOLNAME] [`--globalize-symbol='SYMBOLNAME] [`-W' SYMBOLNAME|`--weaken-symbol='SYMBOLNAME] [`-w'|`--wildcard'] [`-x'|`--discard-all'] [`-X'|`--discard-locals'] [`-b' BYTE|`--byte='BYTE] [`-i' [BREADTH]|`--interleave'[=BREADTH]] [`--interleave-width='WIDTH] [`-j' SECTIONNAME|`--only-section='SECTIONNAME] [`-R' SECTIONNAME|`--remove-section='SECTIONNAME] [`-p'|`--preserve-dates'] [`-D'|`--enable-deterministic-archives'] [`-U'|`--disable-deterministic-archives'] [`--debugging'] [`--gap-fill='VAL] [`--pad-to='ADDRESS] [`--set-start='VAL] [`--adjust-start='INCR] [`--change-addresses='INCR] [`--change-section-address' SECTION{=,+,-}VAL] [`--change-section-lma' SECTION{=,+,-}VAL] [`--change-section-vma' SECTION{=,+,-}VAL] [`--change-warnings'] [`--no-change-warnings'] [`--set-section-flags' SECTION=FLAGS] [`--add-section' SECTIONNAME=FILENAME] [`--rename-section' OLDNAME=NEWNAME[,FLAGS]] [`--change-leading-char'] [`--remove-leading-char'] [`--reverse-bytes='NUM] [`--srec-len='IVAL] [`--srec-forceS3'] [`--redefine-sym' OLD=NEW] [`--redefine-syms='FILENAME] [`--weaken'] [`--keep-symbols='FILENAME] [`--strip-symbols='FILENAME] [`--strip-unneeded-symbols='FILENAME] [`--keep-global-symbols='FILENAME] [`--localize-symbols='FILENAME] [`--globalize-symbols='FILENAME] [`--weaken-symbols='FILENAME] [`--alt-machine-code='INDEX] [`--prefix-symbols='STRING] [`--prefix-sections='STRING] [`--prefix-alloc-sections='STRING] [`--add-gnu-debuglink='PATH-TO-FILE] [`--keep-file-symbols'] [`--only-keep-debug'] [`--strip-dwo'] [`--extract-dwo'] [`--extract-symbol'] [`--writable-text'] [`--readonly-text'] [`--pure'] [`--impure'] [`--xtensa-core='NAME] [`--xtensa-system='REGISTRY] [`--xtensa-params='PATH] [`-v'|`--verbose'] [`-V'|`--version'] [`--help'] [`--info'] INFILE [OUTFILE] The GNU `objcopy' utility copies the contents of an object file to another. `objcopy' uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can write the destination object file in a format different from that of the source object file. The exact behavior of `objcopy' is controlled by command-line options. Note that `objcopy' should be able to copy a fully linked file between any two formats. However, copying a relocatable object file between any two formats may not work as expected. `objcopy' creates temporary files to do its translations and deletes them afterward. `objcopy' uses BFD to do all its translation work; it has access to all the formats described in BFD and thus is able to recognize most formats without being told explicitly. `objcopy' can be used to generate S-records by using an output target of `srec' (e.g., use `-O srec'). `objcopy' can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an output target of `binary' (e.g., use `-O binary'). When `objcopy' generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce a memory dump of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and relocation information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at the load address of the lowest section copied into the output file. When generating an S-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to use `-S' to remove sections containing debugging information. In some cases `-R' will be useful to remove sections which contain information that is not needed by the binary file. Note--`objcopy' is not able to change the endianness of its input files. If the input format has an endianness (some formats do not), `objcopy' can only copy the inputs into file formats that have the same endianness or which have no endianness (e.g., `srec'). (However, see the `--reverse-bytes' option.) `INFILE' `OUTFILE' The input and output files, respectively. If you do not specify OUTFILE, `objcopy' creates a temporary file and destructively renames the result with the name of INFILE. `-I BFDNAME' `--input-target=BFDNAME' Consider the source file's object format to be BFDNAME, rather than attempting to deduce it. *Note Target Selection::, for more information. `-O BFDNAME' `--output-target=BFDNAME' Write the output file using the object format BFDNAME. *Note Target Selection::, for more information. `-F BFDNAME' `--target=BFDNAME' Use BFDNAME as the object format for both the input and the output file; i.e., simply transfer data from source to destination with no translation. *Note Target Selection::, for more information. `-B BFDARCH' `--binary-architecture=BFDARCH' Useful when transforming a architecture-less input file into an object file. In this case the output architecture can be set to BFDARCH. This option will be ignored if the input file has a known BFDARCH. You can access this binary data inside a program by referencing the special symbols that are created by the conversion process. These symbols are called _binary_OBJFILE_start, _binary_OBJFILE_end and _binary_OBJFILE_size. e.g. you can transform a picture file into an object file and then access it in your code using these symbols. `-j SECTIONNAME' `--only-section=SECTIONNAME' Copy only the named section from the input file to the output file. This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the output file unusable. `-R SECTIONNAME' `--remove-section=SECTIONNAME' Remove any section named SECTIONNAME from the output file. This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the output file unusable. `-S' `--strip-all' Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file. `-g' `--strip-debug' Do not copy debugging symbols or sections from the source file. `--strip-unneeded' Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing. `-K SYMBOLNAME' `--keep-symbol=SYMBOLNAME' When stripping symbols, keep symbol SYMBOLNAME even if it would normally be stripped. This option may be given more than once. `-N SYMBOLNAME' `--strip-symbol=SYMBOLNAME' Do not copy symbol SYMBOLNAME from the source file. This option may be given more than once. `--strip-unneeded-symbol=SYMBOLNAME' Do not copy symbol SYMBOLNAME from the source file unless it is needed by a relocation. This option may be given more than once. `-G SYMBOLNAME' `--keep-global-symbol=SYMBOLNAME' Keep only symbol SYMBOLNAME global. Make all other symbols local to the file, so that they are not visible externally. This option may be given more than once. `--localize-hidden' In an ELF object, mark all symbols that have hidden or internal visibility as local. This option applies on top of symbol-specific localization options such as `-L'. `-L SYMBOLNAME' `--localize-symbol=SYMBOLNAME' Make symbol SYMBOLNAME local to the file, so that it is not visible externally. This option may be given more than once. `-W SYMBOLNAME' `--weaken-symbol=SYMBOLNAME' Make symbol SYMBOLNAME weak. This option may be given more than once. `--globalize-symbol=SYMBOLNAME' Give symbol SYMBOLNAME global scoping so that it is visible outside of the file in which it is defined. This option may be given more than once. `-w' `--wildcard' Permit regular expressions in SYMBOLNAMEs used in other command line options. The question mark (?), asterisk (*), backslash (\) and square brackets ([]) operators can be used anywhere in the symbol name. If the first character of the symbol name is the exclamation point (!) then the sense of the switch is reversed for that symbol. For example: -w -W !foo -W fo* would cause objcopy to weaken all symbols that start with "fo" except for the symbol "foo". `-x' `--discard-all' Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file. `-X' `--discard-locals' Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols. (These usually start with `L' or `.'.) `-b BYTE' `--byte=BYTE' If interleaving has been enabled via the `--interleave' option then start the range of bytes to keep at the BYTEth byte. BYTE can be in the range from 0 to BREADTH-1, where BREADTH is the value given by the `--interleave' option. `-i [BREADTH]' `--interleave[=BREADTH]' Only copy a range out of every BREADTH bytes. (Header data is not affected). Select which byte in the range begins the copy with the `--byte' option. Select the width of the range with the `--interleave-width' option. This option is useful for creating files to program ROM. It is typically used with an `srec' output target. Note that `objcopy' will complain if you do not specify the `--byte' option as well. The default interleave breadth is 4, so with `--byte' set to 0, `objcopy' would copy the first byte out of every four bytes from the input to the output. `--interleave-width=WIDTH' When used with the `--interleave' option, copy WIDTH bytes at a time. The start of the range of bytes to be copied is set by the `--byte' option, and the extent of the range is set with the `--interleave' option. The default value for this option is 1. The value of WIDTH plus the BYTE value set by the `--byte' option must not exceed the interleave breadth set by the `--interleave' option. This option can be used to create images for two 16-bit flashes interleaved in a 32-bit bus by passing `-b 0 -i 4 --interleave-width=2' and `-b 2 -i 4 --interleave-width=2' to two `objcopy' commands. If the input was '12345678' then the outputs would be '1256' and '3478' respectively. `-p' `--preserve-dates' Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same as those of the input file. `-D' `--enable-deterministic-archives' Operate in _deterministic_ mode. When copying archive members and writing the archive index, use zero for UIDs, GIDs, timestamps, and use consistent file modes for all files. If `binutils' was configured with `--enable-deterministic-archives', then this mode is on by default. It can be disabled with the `-U' option, below. `-U' `--disable-deterministic-archives' Do _not_ operate in _deterministic_ mode. This is the inverse of the `-D' option, above: when copying archive members and writing the archive index, use their actual UID, GID, timestamp, and file mode values. This is the default unless `binutils' was configured with `--enable-deterministic-archives'. `--debugging' Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the conversion process can be time consuming. `--gap-fill VAL' Fill gaps between sections with VAL. This operation applies to the _load address_ (LMA) of the sections. It is done by increasing the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra space created with VAL. `--pad-to ADDRESS' Pad the output file up to the load address ADDRESS. This is done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is filled in with the value specified by `--gap-fill' (default zero). `--set-start VAL' Set the start address of the new file to VAL. Not all object file formats support setting the start address. `--change-start INCR' `--adjust-start INCR' Change the start address by adding INCR. Not all object file formats support setting the start address. `--change-addresses INCR' `--adjust-vma INCR' Change the VMA and LMA addresses of all sections, as well as the start address, by adding INCR. Some object file formats do not permit section addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not relocate the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail. `--change-section-address SECTION{=,+,-}VAL' `--adjust-section-vma SECTION{=,+,-}VAL' Set or change both the VMA address and the LMA address of the named SECTION. If `=' is used, the section address is set to VAL. Otherwise, VAL is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments under `--change-addresses', above. If SECTION does not exist in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless `--no-change-warnings' is used. `--change-section-lma SECTION{=,+,-}VAL' Set or change the LMA address of the named SECTION. The LMA address is the address where the section will be loaded into memory at program load time. Normally this is the same as the VMA address, which is the address of the section at program run time, but on some systems, especially those where a program is held in ROM, the two can be different. If `=' is used, the section address is set to VAL. Otherwise, VAL is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments under `--change-addresses', above. If SECTION does not exist in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless `--no-change-warnings' is used. `--change-section-vma SECTION{=,+,-}VAL' Set or change the VMA address of the named SECTION. The VMA address is the address where the section will be located once the program has started executing. Normally this is the same as the LMA address, which is the address where the section will be loaded into memory, but on some systems, especially those where a program is held in ROM, the two can be different. If `=' is used, the section address is set to VAL. Otherwise, VAL is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments under `--change-addresses', above. If SECTION does not exist in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless `--no-change-warnings' is used. `--change-warnings' `--adjust-warnings' If `--change-section-address' or `--change-section-lma' or `--change-section-vma' is used, and the named section does not exist, issue a warning. This is the default. `--no-change-warnings' `--no-adjust-warnings' Do not issue a warning if `--change-section-address' or `--adjust-section-lma' or `--adjust-section-vma' is used, even if the named section does not exist. `--set-section-flags SECTION=FLAGS' Set the flags for the named section. The FLAGS argument is a comma separated string of flag names. The recognized names are `alloc', `contents', `load', `noload', `readonly', `code', `data', `rom', `share', and `debug'. You can set the `contents' flag for a section which does not have contents, but it is not meaningful to clear the `contents' flag of a section which does have contents-just remove the section instead. Not all flags are meaningful for all object file formats. `--add-section SECTIONNAME=FILENAME' Add a new section named SECTIONNAME while copying the file. The contents of the new section are taken from the file FILENAME. The size of the section will be the size of the file. This option only works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary names. `--rename-section OLDNAME=NEWNAME[,FLAGS]' Rename a section from OLDNAME to NEWNAME, optionally changing the section's flags to FLAGS in the process. This has the advantage over usng a linker script to perform the rename in that the output stays as an object file and does not become a linked executable. This option is particularly helpful when the input format is binary, since this will always create a section called .data. If for example, you wanted instead to create a section called .rodata containing binary data you could use the following command line to achieve it: xt-objcopy -I binary -O -B \ --rename-section .data=.rodata,alloc,load,readonly,data,contents \ `--change-leading-char' Some object file formats use special characters at the start of symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers often add before every symbol. This option tells `objcopy' to change the leading character of every symbol when it converts between object file formats. If the object file formats use the same leading character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add a character, or remove a character, or change a character, as appropriate. `--remove-leading-char' If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading character used by the object file format, remove the character. The most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be useful if you want to link together objects of different file formats with different conventions for symbol names. This is different from `--change-leading-char' because it always changes the symbol name when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output file. `--reverse-bytes=NUM' Reverse the bytes in a section with output contents. A section length must be evenly divisible by the value given in order for the swap to be able to take place. Reversing takes place before the interleaving is performed. This option is used typically in generating ROM images for problematic target systems. For example, on some target boards, the 32-bit words fetched from 8-bit ROMs are re-assembled in little-endian byte order regardless of the CPU byte order. Depending on the programming model, the endianness of the ROM may need to be modified. Consider a simple file with a section containing the following eight bytes: `12345678'. Using `--reverse-bytes=2' for the above example, the bytes in the output file would be ordered `21436587'. Using `--reverse-bytes=4' for the above example, the bytes in the output file would be ordered `43218765'. By using `--reverse-bytes=2' for the above example, followed by `--reverse-bytes=4' on the output file, the bytes in the second output file would be ordered `34127856'. `--srec-len=IVAL' Meaningful only for srec output. Set the maximum length of the Srecords being produced to IVAL. This length covers both address, data and crc fields. `--srec-forceS3' Meaningful only for srec output. Avoid generation of S1/S2 records, creating S3-only record format. `--redefine-sym OLD=NEW' Change the name of a symbol OLD, to NEW. This can be useful when one is trying link two things together for which you have no source, and there are name collisions. `--redefine-syms=FILENAME' Apply `--redefine-sym' to each symbol pair "OLD NEW" listed in the file FILENAME. FILENAME is simply a flat file, with one symbol pair per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character. This option may be given more than once. `--weaken' Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. This can be useful when building an object which will be linked against other objects using the `-R' option to the linker. This option is only effective when using an object file format which supports weak symbols. `--keep-symbols=FILENAME' Apply `--keep-symbol' option to each symbol listed in the file FILENAME. FILENAME is simply a flat file, with one symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character. This option may be given more than once. `--strip-symbols=FILENAME' Apply `--strip-symbol' option to each symbol listed in the file FILENAME. FILENAME is simply a flat file, with one symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character. This option may be given more than once. `--strip-unneeded-symbols=FILENAME' Apply `--strip-unneeded-symbol' option to each symbol listed in the file FILENAME. FILENAME is simply a flat file, with one symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character. This option may be given more than once. `--keep-global-symbols=FILENAME' Apply `--keep-global-symbol' option to each symbol listed in the file FILENAME. FILENAME is simply a flat file, with one symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character. This option may be given more than once. `--localize-symbols=FILENAME' Apply `--localize-symbol' option to each symbol listed in the file FILENAME. FILENAME is simply a flat file, with one symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character. This option may be given more than once. `--globalize-symbols=FILENAME' Apply `--globalize-symbol' option to each symbol listed in the file FILENAME. FILENAME is simply a flat file, with one symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character. This option may be given more than once. `--weaken-symbols=FILENAME' Apply `--weaken-symbol' option to each symbol listed in the file FILENAME. FILENAME is simply a flat file, with one symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character. This option may be given more than once. `--alt-machine-code=INDEX' If the output architecture has alternate machine codes, use the INDEXth code instead of the default one. This is useful in case a machine is assigned an official code and the tool-chain adopts the new code, but other applications still depend on the original code being used. For ELF based architectures if the INDEX alternative does not exist then the value is treated as an absolute number to be stored in the e_machine field of the ELF header. `--writable-text' Mark the output text as writable. This option isn't meaningful for all object file formats. `--readonly-text' Make the output text write protected. This option isn't meaningful for all object file formats. `--pure' Mark the output file as demand paged. This option isn't meaningful for all object file formats. `--impure' Mark the output file as impure. This option isn't meaningful for all object file formats. `--prefix-symbols=STRING' Prefix all symbols in the output file with STRING. `--prefix-sections=STRING' Prefix all section names in the output file with STRING. `--prefix-alloc-sections=STRING' Prefix all the names of all allocated sections in the output file with STRING. `--add-gnu-debuglink=PATH-TO-FILE' Creates a .gnu_debuglink section which contains a reference to PATH-TO-FILE and adds it to the output file. `--keep-file-symbols' When stripping a file, perhaps with `--strip-debug' or `--strip-unneeded', retain any symbols specifying source file names, which would otherwise get stripped. `--only-keep-debug' Strip a file, removing contents of any sections that would not be stripped by `--strip-debug' and leaving the debugging sections intact. In ELF files, this preserves all note sections in the output. The intention is that this option will be used in conjunction with `--add-gnu-debuglink' to create a two part executable. One a stripped binary which will occupy less space in RAM and in a distribution and the second a debugging information file which is only needed if debugging abilities are required. The suggested procedure to create these files is as follows: 1. Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called `foo' then... 2. Run `xt-objcopy --only-keep-debug foo foo.dbg' to create a file containing the debugging info. 3. Run `xt-objcopy --strip-debug foo' to create a stripped executable. 4. Run `xt-objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.dbg foo' to add a link to the debugging info into the stripped executable. Note--the choice of `.dbg' as an extension for the debug info file is arbitrary. Also the `--only-keep-debug' step is optional. You could instead do this: 1. Link the executable as normal. 2. Copy `foo' to `foo.full' 3. Run `xt-objcopy --strip-debug foo' 4. Run `xt-objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.full foo' i.e., the file pointed to by the `--add-gnu-debuglink' can be the full executable. It does not have to be a file created by the `--only-keep-debug' switch. Note--this switch is only intended for use on fully linked files. It does not make sense to use it on object files where the debugging information may be incomplete. Besides the gnu_debuglink feature currently only supports the presence of one filename containing debugging information, not multiple filenames on a one-per-object-file basis. `--extract-symbol' Keep the file's section flags and symbols but remove all section data. Specifically, the option: * removes the contents of all sections; * sets the size of every section to zero; and * sets the file's start address to zero. This option is used to build a `.sym' file for a VxWorks kernel. It can also be a useful way of reducing the size of a `--just-symbols' linker input file. `--compress-debug-sections' Compress DWARF debug sections using zlib. `--decompress-debug-sections' Decompress DWARF debug sections using zlib. `--xtensa-core=NAME' Specify the name of an Xtensa processor core configuration to use. The configuration information is taken from the entry for NAME in the Xtensa core registry (see the `--xtensa-system' option). If this option is not specified, the Xtensa core name is either the value of the `XTENSA_CORE' environment variable or "default" if that variable is not set. `--xtensa-system=REGISTRY' Specify a directory to be used as the Xtensa core registry. If this option is not set, the `XTENSA_SYSTEM' environment variable specifies the Xtensa registry, and if that is not set, the default registry, `/config', is used. Please see the `Xtensa Software Development Toolkit User's Guide' for more information about Xtensa core registries. `--xtensa-params=PATH' Specify the location of the parameter file in a TIE Development Kit (TDK) that was produced by running the TIE Compiler (tc). If PATH identifies a directory rather than a file, the parameters are read from a file named `default-params' if it exists in that directory. The parameter file may also be specified by setting the `XTENSA_PARAMS' environment variable. The `--xtensa-params' option takes precedence over the environment variable. See the `Tensilica Instruction Extension (TIE) Language User's Guide' for more information. `-V' `--version' Show the version number of `objcopy'. `-v' `--verbose' Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of archives, `xt-objcopy -V' lists all members of the archive. `--help' Show a summary of the options to `objcopy'. `--info' Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available.  File: binutils.info, Node: objdump, Next: ranlib, Prev: objcopy, Up: Top 4 objdump ********* xt-objdump [`-a'|`--archive-headers'] [`-b' BFDNAME|`--target=BFDNAME'] [`-C'|`--demangle'[=STYLE] ] [`-d'|`--disassemble'] [`-D'|`--disassemble-all'] [`-z'|`--disassemble-zeroes'] [`-EB'|`-EL'|`--endian='{big | little }] [`-f'|`--file-headers'] [`-F'|`--file-offsets'] [`--file-start-context'] [`-g'|`--debugging'] [`-e'|`--debugging-tags'] [`-h'|`--section-headers'|`--headers'] [`-i'|`--info'] [`-j' SECTION|`--section='SECTION] [`-l'|`--line-numbers'] [`-S'|`--source'] [`-m' MACHINE|`--architecture='MACHINE] [`-M' OPTIONS|`--disassembler-options='OPTIONS] [`-p'|`--private-headers'] [`-P' OPTIONS|`--private='OPTIONS] [`-r'|`--reloc'] [`-R'|`--dynamic-reloc'] [`-s'|`--full-contents'] [`-W[lLiaprmfFsoRt]'| `--dwarf'[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index]] [`-G'|`--stabs'] [`-t'|`--syms'] [`-T'|`--dynamic-syms'] [`-x'|`--all-headers'] [`-w'|`--wide'] [`--start-address='ADDRESS] [`--stop-address='ADDRESS] [`--prefix-addresses'] [`--[no-]show-raw-insn'] [`--adjust-vma='OFFSET] [`--special-syms'] [`--prefix='PREFIX] [`--prefix-strip='LEVEL] [`--insn-width='WIDTH] [`--xtensa-core='NAME] [`--xtensa-system='REGISTRY] [`--xtensa-params='PATH] [`--show-only-insns'] [`--dump-insn-tables'] [`-V'|`--version'] [`-H'|`--help'] OBJFILE... `objdump' displays information about one or more object files. The options control what particular information to display. This information is mostly useful to programmers who are working on the compilation tools, as opposed to programmers who just want their program to compile and work. OBJFILE... are the object files to be examined. When you specify archives, `objdump' shows information on each of the member object files. The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are equivalent. At least one option from the list `-a,-d,-D,-e,-f,-g,-G,-h,-H,-p,-P,-r,-R,-s,-S,-t,-T,-V,-x' must be given. `-a' `--archive-header' If any of the OBJFILE files are archives, display the archive header information (in a format similar to `ls -l'). Besides the information you could list with `xt-ar tv', `xt-objdump -a' shows the object file format of each archive member. `--adjust-vma=OFFSET' When dumping information, first add OFFSET to all the section addresses. This is useful if the section addresses do not correspond to the symbol table, which can happen when putting sections at particular addresses when using a format which can not represent section addresses, such as a.out. `-b BFDNAME' `--target=BFDNAME' Specify that the object-code format for the object files is BFDNAME. This option may not be necessary; OBJDUMP can automatically recognize many formats. For example, xt-objdump -b oasys -m vax -h fu.o displays summary information from the section headers (`-h') of `fu.o', which is explicitly identified (`-m') as a VAX object file in the format produced by Oasys compilers. You can list the formats available with the `-i' option. *Note Target Selection::, for more information. `-C' `--demangle[=STYLE]' Decode ("demangle") low-level symbol names into user-level names. Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this makes C++ function names readable. Different compilers have different mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler. *Note c++filt::, for more information on demangling. `-g' `--debugging' Display debugging information. This attempts to parse STABS and IEEE debugging format information stored in the file and print it out using a C like syntax. If neither of these formats are found this option falls back on the `-W' option to print any DWARF information in the file. `-e' `--debugging-tags' Like `-g', but the information is generated in a format compatible with ctags tool. `-d' `--disassemble' Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine instructions from OBJFILE. This option only disassembles those sections which are expected to contain instructions. `-D' `--disassemble-all' Like `-d', but disassemble the contents of all sections, not just those expected to contain instructions. `--prefix-addresses' When disassembling, print the complete address on each line. This is the older disassembly format. `-EB' `-EL' `--endian={big|little}' Specify the endianness of the object files. This only affects disassembly. This can be useful when disassembling a file format which does not describe endianness information, such as S-records. `-f' `--file-headers' Display summary information from the overall header of each of the OBJFILE files. `-F' `--file-offsets' When disassembling sections, whenever a symbol is displayed, also display the file offset of the region of data that is about to be dumped. If zeroes are being skipped, then when disassembly resumes, tell the user how many zeroes were skipped and the file offset of the location from where the disassembly resumes. When dumping sections, display the file offset of the location from where the dump starts. `--file-start-context' Specify that when displaying interlisted source code/disassembly (assumes `-S') from a file that has not yet been displayed, extend the context to the start of the file. `-h' `--section-headers' `--headers' Display summary information from the section headers of the object file. File segments may be relocated to nonstandard addresses, for example by using the `-Ttext', `-Tdata', or `-Tbss' options to `ld'. However, some object file formats, such as a.out, do not store the starting address of the file segments. In those situations, although `ld' relocates the sections correctly, using `xt-objdump -h' to list the file section headers cannot show the correct addresses. Instead, it shows the usual addresses, which are implicit for the target. `-H' `--help' Print a summary of the options to `objdump' and exit. `-i' `--info' Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available for specification with `-b' or `-m'. `-j NAME' `--section=NAME' Display information only for section NAME. `-l' `--line-numbers' Label the display (using debugging information) with the filename and source line numbers corresponding to the object code or relocs shown. Only useful with `-d', `-D', or `-r'. `-m MACHINE' `--architecture=MACHINE' Specify the architecture to use when disassembling object files. This can be useful when disassembling object files which do not describe architecture information, such as S-records. You can list the available architectures with the `-i' option. `-M OPTIONS' `--disassembler-options=OPTIONS' Pass target specific information to the disassembler. Only supported on some targets. If it is necessary to specify more than one disassembler option then multiple `-M' options can be used or can be placed together into a comma separated list. `-p' `--private-headers' Print information that is specific to the object file format. The exact information printed depends upon the object file format. For some object file formats, no additional information is printed. `-P OPTIONS' `--private=OPTIONS' Print information that is specific to the object file format. The argument OPTIONS is a comma separated list that depends on the format (the lists of options is displayed with the help). For XCOFF, the available options are: `header', `aout', `sections', `syms', `relocs', `lineno', `loader', `except', `typchk', `traceback' and `toc'. `-r' `--reloc' Print the relocation entries of the file. If used with `-d' or `-D', the relocations are printed interspersed with the disassembly. `-R' `--dynamic-reloc' Print the dynamic relocation entries of the file. This is only meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared libraries. As for `-r', if used with `-d' or `-D', the relocations are printed interspersed with the disassembly. `-s' `--full-contents' Display the full contents of any sections requested. By default all non-empty sections are displayed. `-S' `--source' Display source code intermixed with disassembly, if possible. Implies `-d'. `--prefix=PREFIX' Specify PREFIX to add to the absolute paths when used with `-S'. `--prefix-strip=LEVEL' Indicate how many initial directory names to strip off the hardwired absolute paths. It has no effect without `--prefix='PREFIX. `--show-raw-insn' When disassembling instructions, print the instruction in hex as well as in symbolic form. This is the default except when `--prefix-addresses' is used. `--no-show-raw-insn' When disassembling instructions, do not print the instruction bytes. This is the default when `--prefix-addresses' is used. `--insn-width=WIDTH' Display WIDTH bytes on a single line when disassembling instructions. `-W[lLiaprmfFsoRt]' `--dwarf[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index]' Displays the contents of the debug sections in the file, if any are present. If one of the optional letters or words follows the switch then only data found in those specific sections will be dumped. Note that there is no single letter option to display the content of trace sections or .gdb_index. Note: the output from the `=info' option can also be affected by the options `--dwarf-depth', the `--dwarf-start' and the `--dwarf-check'. `--dwarf-depth=N' Limit the dump of the `.debug_info' section to N children. This is only useful with `--dwarf=info'. The default is to print all DIEs; the special value 0 for N will also have this effect. With a non-zero value for N, DIEs at or deeper than N levels will not be printed. The range for N is zero-based. `--dwarf-start=N' Print only DIEs beginning with the DIE numbered N. This is only useful with `--dwarf=info'. If specified, this option will suppress printing of any header information and all DIEs before the DIE numbered N. Only siblings and children of the specified DIE will be printed. This can be used in conjunction with `--dwarf-depth'. `--dwarf-check' Enable additional checks for consistency of Dwarf information. `-G' `--stabs' Display the full contents of any sections requested. Display the contents of the .stab and .stab.index and .stab.excl sections from an ELF file. This is only useful on systems (such as Solaris 2.0) in which `.stab' debugging symbol-table entries are carried in an ELF section. In most other file formats, debugging symbol-table entries are interleaved with linkage symbols, and are visible in the `--syms' output. `--start-address=ADDRESS' Start displaying data at the specified address. This affects the output of the `-d', `-r' and `-s' options. `--stop-address=ADDRESS' Stop displaying data at the specified address. This affects the output of the `-d', `-r' and `-s' options. `-t' `--syms' Print the symbol table entries of the file. This is similar to the information provided by the `nm' program, although the display format is different. The format of the output depends upon the format of the file being dumped, but there are two main types. One looks like this: [ 4](sec 3)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 3) (nx 1) 0x00000000 .bss [ 6](sec 1)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 2) (nx 0) 0x00000000 fred where the number inside the square brackets is the number of the entry in the symbol table, the SEC number is the section number, the FL value are the symbol's flag bits, the TY number is the symbol's type, the SCL number is the symbol's storage class and the NX value is the number of auxilary entries associated with the symbol. The last two fields are the symbol's value and its name. The other common output format, usually seen with ELF based files, looks like this: 00000000 l d .bss 00000000 .bss 00000000 g .text 00000000 fred Here the first number is the symbol's value (sometimes refered to as its address). The next field is actually a set of characters and spaces indicating the flag bits that are set on the symbol. These characters are described below. Next is the section with which the symbol is associated or _*ABS*_ if the section is absolute (ie not connected with any section), or _*UND*_ if the section is referenced in the file being dumped, but not defined there. After the section name comes another field, a number, which for common symbols is the alignment and for other symbol is the size. Finally the symbol's name is displayed. The flag characters are divided into 7 groups as follows: `l' `g' `u' `!' The symbol is a local (l), global (g), unique global (u), neither global nor local (a space) or both global and local (!). A symbol can be neither local or global for a variety of reasons, e.g., because it is used for debugging, but it is probably an indication of a bug if it is ever both local and global. Unique global symbols are a GNU extension to the standard set of ELF symbol bindings. For such a symbol the dynamic linker will make sure that in the entire process there is just one symbol with this name and type in use. `w' The symbol is weak (w) or strong (a space). `C' The symbol denotes a constructor (C) or an ordinary symbol (a space). `W' The symbol is a warning (W) or a normal symbol (a space). A warning symbol's name is a message to be displayed if the symbol following the warning symbol is ever referenced. `I' `i' The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol (I), a function to be evaluated during reloc processing (i) or a normal symbol (a space). `d' `D' The symbol is a debugging symbol (d) or a dynamic symbol (D) or a normal symbol (a space). `F' `f' `O' The symbol is the name of a function (F) or a file (f) or an object (O) or just a normal symbol (a space). `-T' `--dynamic-syms' Print the dynamic symbol table entries of the file. This is only meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared libraries. This is similar to the information provided by the `nm' program when given the `-D' (`--dynamic') option. `--special-syms' When displaying symbols include those which the target considers to be special in some way and which would not normally be of interest to the user. `-V' `--version' Print the version number of `objdump' and exit. `-x' `--all-headers' Display all available header information, including the symbol table and relocation entries. Using `-x' is equivalent to specifying all of `-a -f -h -p -r -t'. `--xtensa-core=NAME' Specify the name of an Xtensa processor core configuration to use. The configuration information is taken from the entry for NAME in the Xtensa core registry (see the `--xtensa-system' option). If this option is not specified, the Xtensa core name is either the value of the `XTENSA_CORE' environment variable or "default" if that variable is not set. `--xtensa-system=REGISTRY' Specify a directory to be used as the Xtensa core registry. If this option is not set, the `XTENSA_SYSTEM' environment variable specifies the Xtensa registry, and if that is not set, the default registry, `/config', is used. Please see the `Xtensa Software Development Toolkit User's Guide' for more information about Xtensa core registries. `--xtensa-params=PATH' Specify the location of the parameter file in a TIE Development Kit (TDK) that was produced by running the TIE Compiler (tc). If PATH identifies a directory rather than a file, the parameters are read from a file named `default-params' if it exists in that directory. The parameter file may also be specified by setting the `XTENSA_PARAMS' environment variable. The `--xtensa-params' option takes precedence over the environment variable. See the `Tensilica Instruction Extension (TIE) Language User's Guide' for more information. `--dump-insn-tables' For each section that has instruction table entries, print out the instruction table entries for the section. Instruction table entries are used to keep track of what parts of an Xtensa object file were assembled as source instructions. `--show-only-insns' When disassembling a section, only display the instructions that are marked in the instruction tables. If an object file does not have complete instruction tables, this option has no effect. `-w' `--wide' Format some lines for output devices that have more than 80 columns. Also do not truncate symbol names when they are displayed. `-z' `--disassemble-zeroes' Normally the disassembly output will skip blocks of zeroes. This option directs the disassembler to disassemble those blocks, just like any other data.  File: binutils.info, Node: ranlib, Next: readelf, Prev: objdump, Up: Top 5 ranlib ******** xt-ranlib [`--plugin' NAME] [`-DhHvVt'] ARCHIVE `ranlib' generates an index to the contents of an archive and stores it in the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by a member of an archive that is a relocatable object file. You may use `xt-nm -s' or `xt-nm --print-armap' to list this index. An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library and allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to their placement in the archive. The GNU `ranlib' program is another form of GNU `ar'; running `xt-ranlib' is completely equivalent to executing `xt-ar -s'. *Note ar::. `-h' `-H' `--help' Show usage information for `ranlib'. `-v' `-V' `--version' Show the version number of `ranlib'. `-D' Operate in _deterministic_ mode. The symbol map archive member's header will show zero for the UID, GID, and timestamp. When this option is used, multiple runs will produce identical output files. This is the default unless `binutils' was configured with `--enable-deterministic-archives'. `-t' Update the timestamp of the symbol map of an archive. `-U' Do _not_ operate in _deterministic_ mode. This is the inverse of the `-D' option, above: the archive index will get actual UID, GID, timestamp, and file mode values. This is the default unless `binutils' was configured with `--enable-deterministic-archives'.  File: binutils.info, Node: size, Next: strings, Prev: readelf, Up: Top 6 size ****** xt-size [`-A'|`-B'|`-C'|`--format='COMPATIBILITY] [`--help'] [`-d'|`-o'|`-x'|`--radix='NUMBER] [`--common'] [`-t'|`--totals'] [`--target='BFDNAME] [`-V'|`--version'] [OBJFILE...] The GNU `size' utility lists the section sizes--and the total size--for each of the object or archive files OBJFILE in its argument list. By default, one line of output is generated for each object file or each module in an archive. OBJFILE... are the object files to be examined. If none are specified, the file `a.out' will be used. The command line options have the following meanings: `-A' `-B' `-C' `--format=COMPATIBILITY' Using one of these options, you can choose whether the output from GNU `size' resembles output from System V `size' (using `-A', or `--format=sysv'), or Berkeley `size' (using `-B', or `--format=berkeley'). You can also select a special output format for Xtensa processors using `-C' or `--format=xtensa'. The default is the one-line format similar to Berkeley's. Here is an example of the Berkeley (default) format of output from `size': $ xt-size --format=Berkeley ranlib size text data bss dec hex filename 294880 81920 11592 388392 5ed28 ranlib 294880 81920 11888 388688 5ee50 size This is the same data, but displayed closer to System V conventions: $ xt-size --format=SysV ranlib size ranlib : section size addr .text 294880 8192 .data 81920 303104 .bss 11592 385024 Total 388392 size : section size addr .text 294880 8192 .data 81920 303104 .bss 11888 385024 Total 388688 The Xtensa format is similar to the Berkeley format except that it separates `readonly' sections from `text' sections. In addition it categorizes the space for each of the section types into `code', `literal' and `other'. Each category is shown on a separate line in the output, along with a `Total' line for all the categories combined. For example: $ xt-size --format=xtensa ranlib size TYPE text rodata data bss dec hex filename code 13339 0 0 0 13339 341b ranlib literal 1592 0 0 0 1592 638 ranlib other 1756 12471 344 508 15079 3ae7 ranlib Total 16687 12471 344 508 30010 753a ranlib code 4107 0 0 0 4107 100b size literal 832 0 0 0 832 340 size other 708 5079 392 324 6503 1967 size Total 5647 5079 392 324 11442 2cb2 size The `code' category in the Xtensa format includes all the Xtensa instructions, and the `literal' category includes all the data known to be literals for `L32R' Xtensa instructions. Space for anything else, such as program data or padding for alignment, is shown in the `other' category. `--help' Show a summary of acceptable arguments and options. `-d' `-o' `-x' `--radix=NUMBER' Using one of these options, you can control whether the size of each section is given in decimal (`-d', or `--radix=10'); octal (`-o', or `--radix=8'); or hexadecimal (`-x', or `--radix=16'). In `--radix=NUMBER', only the three values (8, 10, 16) are supported. The total size is always given in two radices; decimal and hexadecimal for `-d' or `-x' output, or octal and hexadecimal if you're using `-o'. `--common' Print total size of common symbols in each file. When using Berkeley format these are included in the bss size. `-t' `--totals' Show totals of all objects listed (Berkeley format listing mode only). `--target=BFDNAME' Specify that the object-code format for OBJFILE is BFDNAME. This option may not be necessary; `size' can automatically recognize many formats. *Note Target Selection::, for more information. `--xtensa-core=NAME' Specify the name of an Xtensa processor core configuration to use. The configuration information is taken from the entry for NAME in the Xtensa core registry (see the `--xtensa-system' option). If this option is not specified, the Xtensa core name is either the value of the `XTENSA_CORE' environment variable or "default" if that variable is not set. `--xtensa-system=REGISTRY' Specify a directory to be used as the Xtensa core registry. If this option is not set, the `XTENSA_SYSTEM' environment variable specifies the Xtensa registry, and if that is not set, the default registry, `/config', is used. Please see the `Xtensa Software Development Toolkit User's Guide' for more information about Xtensa core registries. `--xtensa-params=PATH' Specify the location of the parameter file in a TIE Development Kit (TDK) that was produced by running the TIE Compiler (tc). If PATH identifies a directory rather than a file, the parameters are read from a file named `default-params' if it exists in that directory. The parameter file may also be specified by setting the `XTENSA_PARAMS' environment variable. The `--xtensa-params' option takes precedence over the environment variable. See the `Tensilica Instruction Extension (TIE) Language User's Guide' for more information. `-V' `--version' Display the version number of `size'.  File: binutils.info, Node: strings, Next: strip, Prev: size, Up: Top 7 strings ********* xt-strings [`-afov'] [`-'MIN-LEN] [`-n' MIN-LEN] [`--bytes='MIN-LEN] [`-t' RADIX] [`--radix='RADIX] [`-e' ENCODING] [`--encoding='ENCODING] [`-'] [`--all'] [`--print-file-name'] [`-T' BFDNAME] [`--target='BFDNAME] [`--help'] [`--version'] FILE... For each FILE given, GNU `strings' prints the printable character sequences that are at least 4 characters long (or the number given with the options below) and are followed by an unprintable character. By default, it only prints the strings from the initialized and loaded sections of object files; for other types of files, it prints the strings from the whole file. `strings' is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files. `-a' `--all' `-' Do not scan only the initialized and loaded sections of object files; scan the whole files. `-f' `--print-file-name' Print the name of the file before each string. `--help' Print a summary of the program usage on the standard output and exit. `-MIN-LEN' `-n MIN-LEN' `--bytes=MIN-LEN' Print sequences of characters that are at least MIN-LEN characters long, instead of the default 4. `-o' Like `-t o'. Some other versions of `strings' have `-o' act like `-t d' instead. Since we can not be compatible with both ways, we simply chose one. `-t RADIX' `--radix=RADIX' Print the offset within the file before each string. The single character argument specifies the radix of the offset--`o' for octal, `x' for hexadecimal, or `d' for decimal. `-e ENCODING' `--encoding=ENCODING' Select the character encoding of the strings that are to be found. Possible values for ENCODING are: `s' = single-7-bit-byte characters (ASCII, ISO 8859, etc., default), `S' = single-8-bit-byte characters, `b' = 16-bit bigendian, `l' = 16-bit littleendian, `B' = 32-bit bigendian, `L' = 32-bit littleendian. Useful for finding wide character strings. (`l' and `b' apply to, for example, Unicode UTF-16/UCS-2 encodings). `-T BFDNAME' `--target=BFDNAME' Specify an object code format other than your system's default format. *Note Target Selection::, for more information. `-v' `-V' `--version' Print the program version number on the standard output and exit.  File: binutils.info, Node: strip, Next: elfedit, Prev: strings, Up: Top 8 strip ******* xt-strip [`-F' BFDNAME |`--target='BFDNAME] [`-I' BFDNAME |`--input-target='BFDNAME] [`-O' BFDNAME |`--output-target='BFDNAME] [`-s'|`--strip-all'] [`-S'|`-g'|`-d'|`--strip-debug'] [`--strip-dwo'] [`-K' SYMBOLNAME |`--keep-symbol='SYMBOLNAME] [`-N' SYMBOLNAME |`--strip-symbol='SYMBOLNAME] [`-w'|`--wildcard'] [`-x'|`--discard-all'] [`-X' |`--discard-locals'] [`-R' SECTIONNAME |`--remove-section='SECTIONNAME] [`-o' FILE] [`-p'|`--preserve-dates'] [`-D'|`--enable-deterministic-archives'] [`-U'|`--disable-deterministic-archives'] [`--keep-file-symbols'] [`--only-keep-debug'] [`--xtensa-core='NAME] [`--xtensa-system='REGISTRY] [`--xtensa-params='PATH] [`-v' |`--verbose'] [`-V'|`--version'] [`--help'] [`--info'] OBJFILE... GNU `strip' discards all symbols from object files OBJFILE. The list of object files may include archives. At least one object file must be given. `strip' modifies the files named in its argument, rather than writing modified copies under different names. `-F BFDNAME' `--target=BFDNAME' Treat the original OBJFILE as a file with the object code format BFDNAME, and rewrite it in the same format. *Note Target Selection::, for more information. `--help' Show a summary of the options to `strip' and exit. `--info' Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available. `-I BFDNAME' `--input-target=BFDNAME' Treat the original OBJFILE as a file with the object code format BFDNAME. *Note Target Selection::, for more information. `-O BFDNAME' `--output-target=BFDNAME' Replace OBJFILE with a file in the output format BFDNAME. *Note Target Selection::, for more information. `-R SECTIONNAME' `--remove-section=SECTIONNAME' Remove any section named SECTIONNAME from the output file. This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the output file unusable. `-s' `--strip-all' Remove all symbols. `-g' `-S' `-d' `--strip-debug' Remove debugging symbols only. `--strip-dwo' Remove the contents of all DWARF .dwo sections, leaving the remaining debugging sections and all symbols intact. See the description of this option in the `objcopy' section for more information. `--strip-unneeded' Remove all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing. `-K SYMBOLNAME' `--keep-symbol=SYMBOLNAME' When stripping symbols, keep symbol SYMBOLNAME even if it would normally be stripped. This option may be given more than once. `-N SYMBOLNAME' `--strip-symbol=SYMBOLNAME' Remove symbol SYMBOLNAME from the source file. This option may be given more than once, and may be combined with strip options other than `-K'. `-o FILE' Put the stripped output in FILE, rather than replacing the existing file. When this argument is used, only one OBJFILE argument may be specified. `-p' `--preserve-dates' Preserve the access and modification dates of the file. `-D' `--enable-deterministic-archives' Operate in _deterministic_ mode. When copying archive members and writing the archive index, use zero for UIDs, GIDs, timestamps, and use consistent file modes for all files. If `binutils' was configured with `--enable-deterministic-archives', then this mode is on by default. It can be disabled with the `-U' option, below. `-U' `--disable-deterministic-archives' Do _not_ operate in _deterministic_ mode. This is the inverse of the `-D' option, above: when copying archive members and writing the archive index, use their actual UID, GID, timestamp, and file mode values. This is the default unless `binutils' was configured with `--enable-deterministic-archives'. `-w' `--wildcard' Permit regular expressions in SYMBOLNAMEs used in other command line options. The question mark (?), asterisk (*), backslash (\) and square brackets ([]) operators can be used anywhere in the symbol name. If the first character of the symbol name is the exclamation point (!) then the sense of the switch is reversed for that symbol. For example: -w -K !foo -K fo* would cause strip to only keep symbols that start with the letters "fo", but to discard the symbol "foo". `-x' `--discard-all' Remove non-global symbols. `-X' `--discard-locals' Remove compiler-generated local symbols. (These usually start with `L' or `.'.) `--keep-file-symbols' When stripping a file, perhaps with `--strip-debug' or `--strip-unneeded', retain any symbols specifying source file names, which would otherwise get stripped. `--only-keep-debug' Strip a file, removing contents of any sections that would not be stripped by `--strip-debug' and leaving the debugging sections intact. In ELF files, this preserves all note sections in the output. The intention is that this option will be used in conjunction with `--add-gnu-debuglink' to create a two part executable. One a stripped binary which will occupy less space in RAM and in a distribution and the second a debugging information file which is only needed if debugging abilities are required. The suggested procedure to create these files is as follows: 1. Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called `foo' then... 2. Run `xt-objcopy --only-keep-debug foo foo.dbg' to create a file containing the debugging info. 3. Run `xt-objcopy --strip-debug foo' to create a stripped executable. 4. Run `xt-objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.dbg foo' to add a link to the debugging info into the stripped executable. Note--the choice of `.dbg' as an extension for the debug info file is arbitrary. Also the `--only-keep-debug' step is optional. You could instead do this: 1. Link the executable as normal. 2. Copy `foo' to `foo.full' 3. Run `xt-strip --strip-debug foo' 4. Run `xt-objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.full foo' i.e., the file pointed to by the `--add-gnu-debuglink' can be the full executable. It does not have to be a file created by the `--only-keep-debug' switch. Note--this switch is only intended for use on fully linked files. It does not make sense to use it on object files where the debugging information may be incomplete. Besides the gnu_debuglink feature currently only supports the presence of one filename containing debugging information, not multiple filenames on a one-per-object-file basis. `-V' `--version' Show the version number for `strip'. `-v' `--verbose' Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of archives, `xt-strip -v' lists all members of the archive.  File: binutils.info, Node: c++filt, Next: addr2line, Prev: elfedit, Up: Top 9 c++filt ********* xt-c++filt [`-_'|`--strip-underscore'] [`-n'|`--no-strip-underscore'] [`-p'|`--no-params'] [`-t'|`--types'] [`-i'|`--no-verbose'] [`-s' FORMAT|`--format='FORMAT] [`--help'] [`--version'] [SYMBOL...] The C++ and Java languages provide function overloading, which means that you can write many functions with the same name, providing that each function takes parameters of different types. In order to be able to distinguish these similarly named functions C++ and Java encode them into a low-level assembler name which uniquely identifies each different version. This process is known as "mangling". The `c++filt' (1) program does the inverse mapping: it decodes ("demangles") low-level names into user-level names so that they can be read. Every alphanumeric word (consisting of letters, digits, underscores, dollars, or periods) seen in the input is a potential mangled name. If the name decodes into a C++ name, the C++ name replaces the low-level name in the output, otherwise the original word is output. In this way you can pass an entire assembler source file, containing mangled names, through `c++filt' and see the same source file containing demangled names. You can also use `c++filt' to decipher individual symbols by passing them on the command line: xt-c++filt SYMBOL If no SYMBOL arguments are given, `c++filt' reads symbol names from the standard input instead. All the results are printed on the standard output. The difference between reading names from the command line versus reading names from the standard input is that command line arguments are expected to be just mangled names and no checking is performed to separate them from surrounding text. Thus for example: c++filt -n _Z1fv will work and demangle the name to "f()" whereas: c++filt -n _Z1fv, will not work. (Note the extra comma at the end of the mangled name which makes it invalid). This command however will work: echo _Z1fv, | c++filt -n and will display "f(),", i.e., the demangled name followed by a trailing comma. This behaviour is because when the names are read from the standard input it is expected that they might be part of an assembler source file where there might be extra, extraneous characters trailing after a mangled name. For example: .type _Z1fv, @function `-_' `--strip-underscore' On some systems, both the C and C++ compilers put an underscore in front of every name. For example, the C name `foo' gets the low-level name `_foo'. This option removes the initial underscore. Whether `c++filt' removes the underscore by default is target dependent. `-n' `--no-strip-underscore' Do not remove the initial underscore. `-p' `--no-params' When demangling the name of a function, do not display the types of the function's parameters. `-t' `--types' Attempt to demangle types as well as function names. This is disabled by default since mangled types are normally only used internally in the compiler, and they can be confused with non-mangled names. For example, a function called "a" treated as a mangled type name would be demangled to "signed char". `-i' `--no-verbose' Do not include implementation details (if any) in the demangled output. `-s FORMAT' `--format=FORMAT' `c++filt' can decode various methods of mangling, used by different compilers. The argument to this option selects which method it uses: `auto' Automatic selection based on executable (the default method) `gnu' the one used by the GNU C++ compiler (g++) `lucid' the one used by the Lucid compiler (lcc) `arm' the one specified by the C++ Annotated Reference Manual `hp' the one used by the HP compiler (aCC) `edg' the one used by the EDG compiler `gnu-v3' the one used by the GNU C++ compiler (g++) with the V3 ABI. `java' the one used by the GNU Java compiler (gcj) `gnat' the one used by the GNU Ada compiler (GNAT). `--help' Print a summary of the options to `c++filt' and exit. `--version' Print the version number of `c++filt' and exit. _Warning:_ `c++filt' is a new utility, and the details of its user interface are subject to change in future releases. In particular, a command-line option may be required in the future to decode a name passed as an argument on the command line; in other words, xt-c++filt SYMBOL may in a future release become xt-c++filt OPTION SYMBOL ---------- Footnotes ---------- (1) MS-DOS does not allow `+' characters in file names, so on MS-DOS this program is named `CXXFILT'.  File: binutils.info, Node: addr2line, Next: Common Options, Prev: c++filt, Up: Top 10 addr2line ************ xt-addr2line [`-a'|`--addresses'] [`-b' BFDNAME|`--target='BFDNAME] [`-C'|`--demangle'[=STYLE]] [`-e' FILENAME|`--exe='FILENAME] [`-f'|`--functions'] [`-s'|`--basename'] [`-i'|`--inlines'] [`-p'|`--pretty-print'] [`-j'|`--section='NAME] [`-H'|`--help'] [`-V'|`--version'] [`--xtensa-core='NAME] [`--xtensa-system='REGISTRY] [`--xtensa-params='PATH] [addr addr ...] `addr2line' translates addresses into file names and line numbers. Given an address in an executable or an offset in a section of a relocatable object, it uses the debugging information to figure out which file name and line number are associated with it. The executable or relocatable object to use is specified with the `-e' option. The default is the file `a.out'. The section in the relocatable object to use is specified with the `-j' option. `addr2line' has two modes of operation. In the first, hexadecimal addresses are specified on the command line, and `addr2line' displays the file name and line number for each address. In the second, `addr2line' reads hexadecimal addresses from standard input, and prints the file name and line number for each address on standard output. In this mode, `addr2line' may be used in a pipe to convert dynamically chosen addresses. The format of the output is `FILENAME:LINENO'. The file name and line number for each input address is printed on separate lines. If the `-f' option is used, then each `FILENAME:LINENO' line is preceded by `FUNCTIONNAME' which is the name of the function containing the address. If the `-i' option is used and the code at the given address is present there because of inlining by the compiler then the `{FUNCTIONNAME} FILENAME:LINENO' information for the inlining function will be displayed afterwards. This continues recursively until there is no more inlining to report. If the `-a' option is used then the output is prefixed by the input address. If the `-p' option is used then the output for each input address is displayed on one, possibly quite long, line. If `-p' is not used then the output is broken up into multiple lines, based on the paragraphs above. If the file name or function name can not be determined, `addr2line' will print two question marks in their place. If the line number can not be determined, `addr2line' will print 0. The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are equivalent. `-a' `--addresses' Display the address before the function name, file and line number information. The address is printed with a `0x' prefix to easily identify it. `-b BFDNAME' `--target=BFDNAME' Specify that the object-code format for the object files is BFDNAME. `-C' `--demangle[=STYLE]' Decode ("demangle") low-level symbol names into user-level names. Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this makes C++ function names readable. Different compilers have different mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler. *Note c++filt::, for more information on demangling. `-e FILENAME' `--exe=FILENAME' Specify the name of the executable for which addresses should be translated. The default file is `a.out'. `-f' `--functions' Display function names as well as file and line number information. `-s' `--basenames' Display only the base of each file name. `-i' `--inlines' If the address belongs to a function that was inlined, the source information for all enclosing scopes back to the first non-inlined function will also be printed. For example, if `main' inlines `callee1' which inlines `callee2', and address is from `callee2', the source information for `callee1' and `main' will also be printed. `-j' `--section' Read offsets relative to the specified section instead of absolute addresses. `-p' `--pretty-print' Make the output more human friendly: each location are printed on one line. If option `-i' is specified, lines for all enclosing scopes are prefixed with `(inlined by)'. `--xtensa-core=NAME' Specify the name of an Xtensa processor core configuration to use. The configuration information is taken from the entry for NAME in the Xtensa core registry (see the `--xtensa-system' option). If this option is not specified, the Xtensa core name is either the value of the `XTENSA_CORE' environment variable or "default" if that variable is not set. `--xtensa-system=REGISTRY' Specify a directory to be used as the Xtensa core registry. If this option is not set, the `XTENSA_SYSTEM' environment variable specifies the Xtensa registry, and if that is not set, the default registry, `/config', is used. Please see the `Xtensa Software Development Toolkit User's Guide' for more information about Xtensa core registries. `--xtensa-params=PATH' Specify the location of the parameter file in a TIE Development Kit (TDK) that was produced by running the TIE Compiler (tc). If PATH identifies a directory rather than a file, the parameters are read from a file named `default-params' if it exists in that directory. The parameter file may also be specified by setting the `XTENSA_PARAMS' environment variable. The `--xtensa-params' option takes precedence over the environment variable. See the `Tensilica Instruction Extension (TIE) Language User's Guide' for more information.  File: binutils.info, Node: readelf, Next: size, Prev: ranlib, Up: Top 11 readelf ********** xt-readelf [`-a'|`--all'] [`-h'|`--file-header'] [`-l'|`--program-headers'|`--segments'] [`-S'|`--section-headers'|`--sections'] [`-g'|`--section-groups'] [`-t'|`--section-details'] [`-e'|`--headers'] [`-s'|`--syms'|`--symbols'] [`--dyn-syms'] [`-n'|`--notes'] [`-r'|`--relocs'] [`-u'|`--unwind'] [`-d'|`--dynamic'] [`-V'|`--version-info'] [`-A'|`--arch-specific'] [`-D'|`--use-dynamic'] [`-x' |`--hex-dump='] [`-p' |`--string-dump='] [`-R' |`--relocated-dump='] [`-c'|`--archive-index'] [`-w[lLiaprmfFsoRt]'| `--debug-dump'[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index]] [`--dwarf-depth=N'] [`--dwarf-start=N'] [`-I'|`--histogram'] [`-v'|`--version'] [`-W'|`--wide'] [`-H'|`--help'] ELFFILE... `readelf' displays information about one or more ELF format object files. The options control what particular information to display. ELFFILE... are the object files to be examined. 32-bit and 64-bit ELF files are supported, as are archives containing ELF files. This program performs a similar function to `objdump' but it goes into more detail and it exists independently of the BFD library, so if there is a bug in BFD then readelf will not be affected. The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are equivalent. At least one option besides `-v' or `-H' must be given. `-a' `--all' Equivalent to specifying `--file-header', `--program-headers', `--sections', `--symbols', `--relocs', `--dynamic', `--notes' and `--version-info'. `-h' `--file-header' Displays the information contained in the ELF header at the start of the file. `-l' `--program-headers' `--segments' Displays the information contained in the file's segment headers, if it has any. `-S' `--sections' `--section-headers' Displays the information contained in the file's section headers, if it has any. `-g' `--section-groups' Displays the information contained in the file's section groups, if it has any. `-t' `--section-details' Displays the detailed section information. Implies `-S'. `-s' `--symbols' `--syms' Displays the entries in symbol table section of the file, if it has one. `--dyn-syms' Displays the entries in dynamic symbol table section of the file, if it has one. `-e' `--headers' Display all the headers in the file. Equivalent to `-h -l -S'. `-n' `--notes' Displays the contents of the NOTE segments and/or sections, if any. `-r' `--relocs' Displays the contents of the file's relocation section, if it has one. `-u' `--unwind' Displays the contents of the file's unwind section, if it has one. Only the unwind sections for IA64 ELF files, as well as ARM unwind tables (`.ARM.exidx' / `.ARM.extab') are currently supported. `-d' `--dynamic' Displays the contents of the file's dynamic section, if it has one. `-V' `--version-info' Displays the contents of the version sections in the file, it they exist. `-A' `--arch-specific' Displays architecture-specific information in the file, if there is any. `-D' `--use-dynamic' When displaying symbols, this option makes `readelf' use the symbol hash tables in the file's dynamic section, rather than the symbol table sections. `-x ' `--hex-dump=' Displays the contents of the indicated section as a hexadecimal bytes. A number identifies a particular section by index in the section table; any other string identifies all sections with that name in the object file. `-R ' `--relocated-dump=' Displays the contents of the indicated section as a hexadecimal bytes. A number identifies a particular section by index in the section table; any other string identifies all sections with that name in the object file. The contents of the section will be relocated before they are displayed. `-p ' `--string-dump=' Displays the contents of the indicated section as printable strings. A number identifies a particular section by index in the section table; any other string identifies all sections with that name in the object file. `-c' `--archive-index' Displays the file symbol index infomation contained in the header part of binary archives. Performs the same function as the `t' command to `ar', but without using the BFD library. *Note ar::. `-w[lLiaprmfFsoRt]' `--debug-dump[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index]' Displays the contents of the debug sections in the file, if any are present. If one of the optional letters or words follows the switch then only data found in those specific sections will be dumped. Note that there is no single letter option to display the content of trace sections or .gdb_index. Note: the `=decodedline' option will display the interpreted contents of a .debug_line section whereas the `=rawline' option dumps the contents in a raw format. Note: the `=frames-interp' option will display the interpreted contents of a .debug_frame section whereas the `=frames' option dumps the contents in a raw format. Note: the output from the `=info' option can also be affected by the options `--dwarf-depth' and `--dwarf-start'. `--dwarf-depth=N' Limit the dump of the `.debug_info' section to N children. This is only useful with `--debug-dump=info'. The default is to print all DIEs; the special value 0 for N will also have this effect. With a non-zero value for N, DIEs at or deeper than N levels will not be printed. The range for N is zero-based. `--dwarf-start=N' Print only DIEs beginning with the DIE numbered N. This is only useful with `--debug-dump=info'. If specified, this option will suppress printing of any header information and all DIEs before the DIE numbered N. Only siblings and children of the specified DIE will be printed. This can be used in conjunction with `--dwarf-depth'. `-I' `--histogram' Display a histogram of bucket list lengths when displaying the contents of the symbol tables. `-v' `--version' Display the version number of readelf. `-W' `--wide' Don't break output lines to fit into 80 columns. By default `readelf' breaks section header and segment listing lines for 64-bit ELF files, so that they fit into 80 columns. This option causes `readelf' to print each section header resp. each segment one a single line, which is far more readable on terminals wider than 80 columns. `-H' `--help' Display the command line options understood by `readelf'.  File: binutils.info, Node: elfedit, Next: c++filt, Prev: strip, Up: Top 12 elfedit ********** elfedit [`--input-mach='MACHINE] [`--input-type='TYPE] [`--input-osabi='OSABI] `--output-mach='MACHINE `--output-type='TYPE `--output-osabi='OSABI [`-v'|`--version'] [`-h'|`--help'] ELFFILE... `elfedit' updates the ELF header of ELF files which have the matching ELF machine and file types. The options control how and which fields in the ELF header should be updated. ELFFILE... are the ELF files to be updated. 32-bit and 64-bit ELF files are supported, as are archives containing ELF files. The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are equivalent. At least one of the `--output-mach', `--output-type' and `--output-osabi' options must be given. `--input-mach=MACHINE' Set the matching input ELF machine type to MACHINE. If `--input-mach' isn't specified, it will match any ELF machine types. The supported ELF machine types are, L1OM, K1OM and X86-64. `--output-mach=MACHINE' Change the ELF machine type in the ELF header to MACHINE. The supported ELF machine types are the same as `--input-mach'. `--input-type=TYPE' Set the matching input ELF file type to TYPE. If `--input-type' isn't specified, it will match any ELF file types. The supported ELF file types are, REL, EXEC and DYN. `--output-type=TYPE' Change the ELF file type in the ELF header to TYPE. The supported ELF types are the same as `--input-type'. `--input-osabi=OSABI' Set the matching input ELF file OSABI to OSABI. If `--input-osabi' isn't specified, it will match any ELF OSABIs. The supported ELF OSABIs are, NONE, HPUX, NETBSD, GNU, LINUX (alias for GNU), SOLARIS, AIX, IRIX, FREEBSD, TRU64, MODESTO, OPENBSD, OPENVMS, NSK, AROS and FENIXOS. `--output-osabi=OSABI' Change the ELF OSABI in the ELF header to OSABI. The supported ELF OSABI are the same as `--input-osabi'. `-v' `--version' Display the version number of `elfedit'. `-h' `--help' Display the command line options understood by `elfedit'.  File: binutils.info, Node: Common Options, Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: addr2line, Up: Top 13 Common Options ***************** The following command-line options are supported by all of the programs described in this manual. `@FILE' Read command-line options from FILE. The options read are inserted in place of the original @FILE option. If FILE does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated literally, and not removed. Options in FILE are separated by whitespace. A whitespace character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included with a backslash. The FILE may itself contain additional @FILE options; any such options will be processed recursively. `--help' Display the command-line options supported by the program. `--version' Display the version number of the program. * Menu: * Target Selection:: * Architecture Selection::  File: binutils.info, Node: Target Selection, Next: Architecture Selection, Up: Common Options 13.1 Target Selection ===================== A "target" is an object file format. A given target may be supported for multiple architectures (*note Architecture Selection::). A target selection may also have variations for different operating systems or architectures. The command to list valid target values is `xt-objdump -i' (the first column of output contains the relevant information). `objdump' Target ---------------- Ways to specify: 1. command line option: `-b' or `--target' 2. environment variable `GNUTARGET' 3. deduced from the input file `objcopy' and `strip' Input Target ---------------------------------- Ways to specify: 1. command line options: `-I' or `--input-target', or `-F' or `--target' 2. environment variable `GNUTARGET' 3. deduced from the input file `objcopy' and `strip' Output Target ----------------------------------- Ways to specify: 1. command line options: `-O' or `--output-target', or `-F' or `--target' 2. the input target (see "`objcopy' and `strip' Input Target" above) 3. environment variable `GNUTARGET' 4. deduced from the input file `nm', `size', and `strings' Target ---------------------------------- Ways to specify: 1. command line option: `--target' 2. environment variable `GNUTARGET' 3. deduced from the input file  File: binutils.info, Node: Architecture Selection, Prev: Target Selection, Up: Common Options 13.2 Architecture Selection =========================== An "architecture" is a type of CPU on which an object file is to run. Its name may contain a colon, separating the name of the processor family from the name of the particular CPU. The command to list valid architecture values is `xt-objdump -i' (the second column contains the relevant information). `objdump' Architecture ---------------------- Ways to specify: 1. command line option: `-m' or `--architecture' 2. deduced from the input file `objcopy', `nm', `size', `strings' Architecture ----------------------------------------------- Ways to specify: 1. deduced from the input file  File: binutils.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: History, Prev: Common Options, Up: Top Appendix A GNU Free Documentation License ***************************************** Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. `http://fsf.org/' Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. 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A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site. "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published by that same organization. "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in part, as part of another Document. An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this License, and if all works that were first published under this License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents ==================================================== To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.  File: binutils.info, Node: History, Next: Binutils Index, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Top Appendix B History ****************** The original version of this document, entitled "The GNU Binary Utilities", was written by Roland H. Pesch, Jeffrey M. Osier, and Cygnus Support. The version for binutils 2.18 was released in 2007 and published by the Free Software Foundation. Tensilica, Inc. changed the title to "GNU Binary Utilities User's Guide" and modified the document to include features specific to Xtensa processors. The revised document was published by Tensilica, Inc. on the date shown in the inside cover page. The TeXinfo source files for this modified document are available from `http://www.tensilica.com/gnudocs'.  File: binutils.info, Node: Binutils Index, Prev: History, Up: Top Index ***** [index] * Menu: * --enable-deterministic-archives <1>: strip. (line 106) * --enable-deterministic-archives <2>: ranlib. (line 33) * --enable-deterministic-archives <3>: objcopy. (line 280) * --enable-deterministic-archives: ar. (line 189) * .stab: objdump. (line 307) * Add prefix to absolute paths: objdump. (line 250) * addr2line: addr2line. (line 6) * address to file name and line number: addr2line. (line 6) * all header information, object file: objdump. (line 425) * ar: ar. (line 6) * architecture: objdump. (line 198) * architectures available: objdump. (line 183) * archive contents: ranlib. (line 6) * Archive file symbol index information: readelf. (line 155) * archive headers: objdump. (line 72) * archives: ar. (line 6) * c++filt: c++filt. (line 6) * changing object addresses: objcopy. (line 325) * changing section address: objcopy. (line 335) * changing section LMA: objcopy. (line 343) * changing section VMA: objcopy. (line 356) * changing start address: objcopy. (line 320) * collections of files: ar. (line 6) * contents of archive: ar. (line 135) * creating archives: ar. (line 183) * creating thin archive: ar. (line 248) * cxxfilt: c++filt. (line 14) * dates in archive: ar. (line 222) * debug symbols: objdump. (line 272) * debugging symbols: nm. (line 144) * deleting from archive: ar. (line 66) * demangling C++ symbols: c++filt. (line 6) * demangling in nm: nm. (line 152) * demangling in objdump <1>: addr2line. (line 81) * demangling in objdump: objdump. (line 100) * deterministic archives <1>: strip. (line 106) * deterministic archives <2>: ranlib. (line 33) * deterministic archives <3>: objcopy. (line 280) * deterministic archives: ar. (line 189) * disassembling object code: objdump. (line 122) * disassembly architecture: objdump. (line 198) * disassembly endianness: objdump. (line 138) * disassembly, with source: objdump. (line 246) * discarding symbols: strip. (line 6) * display only instructions: objdump. (line 463) * DWARF: objdump. (line 272) * dynamic relocation entries, in object file: objdump. (line 234) * dynamic symbol table entries, printing: objdump. (line 409) * dynamic symbols: nm. (line 164) * ELF dynamic section information: readelf. (line 113) * ELF dynamic symbol table information: readelf. (line 88) * ELF file header information: readelf. (line 57) * ELF file information: readelf. (line 6) * ELF notes: readelf. (line 97) * ELF object file format: objdump. (line 307) * ELF program header information: readelf. (line 63) * ELF reloc information: readelf. (line 101) * ELF section group information: readelf. (line 74) * ELF section information: readelf. (line 69) * ELF segment information: readelf. (line 63) * ELF symbol table information: readelf. (line 84) * ELF version sections informations: readelf. (line 117) * elfedit: elfedit. (line 6) * endianness: objdump. (line 138) * external symbols: nm. (line 176) * extract from archive: ar. (line 150) * file name: nm. (line 138) * header information, all: objdump. (line 425) * input file name: nm. (line 138) * instruction tables for Xtensa: objdump. (line 457) * Instruction width: objdump. (line 267) * libraries: ar. (line 24) * listings strings: strings. (line 6) * machine instructions: objdump. (line 122) * moving in archive: ar. (line 74) * name duplication in archive: ar. (line 144) * name length: ar. (line 17) * nm: nm. (line 6) * nm compatibility: nm. (line 148) * nm format: nm. (line 148) * not writing archive index: ar. (line 241) * objdump: objdump. (line 6) * object code format <1>: addr2line. (line 76) * object code format <2>: strings. (line 67) * object code format <3>: size. (line 111) * object code format <4>: objdump. (line 86) * object code format: nm. (line 240) * object file header: objdump. (line 144) * object file information: objdump. (line 6) * object file offsets: objdump. (line 149) * object file sections: objdump. (line 241) * object formats available: objdump. (line 183) * operations on archive: ar. (line 62) * printing from archive: ar. (line 86) * printing strings: strings. (line 6) * quick append to archive: ar. (line 94) * radix for section sizes: size. (line 93) * ranlib <1>: ranlib. (line 6) * ranlib: ar. (line 129) * readelf: readelf. (line 6) * relative placement in archive: ar. (line 171) * relocation entries, in object file: objdump. (line 228) * removing symbols: strip. (line 6) * repeated names in archive: ar. (line 144) * replacement in archive: ar. (line 111) * section addresses in objdump: objdump. (line 78) * section headers: objdump. (line 165) * section information: objdump. (line 188) * section sizes: size. (line 6) * sections, full contents: objdump. (line 241) * size: size. (line 6) * size display format: size. (line 28) * size number format: size. (line 93) * sorting symbols: nm. (line 195) * source code context: objdump. (line 158) * source disassembly: objdump. (line 246) * source file name: nm. (line 138) * source filenames for object files: objdump. (line 192) * stab: objdump. (line 307) * start-address: objdump. (line 316) * stop-address: objdump. (line 320) * strings: strings. (line 6) * strings, printing: strings. (line 6) * strip: strip. (line 6) * Strip absolute paths: objdump. (line 253) * symbol index <1>: ranlib. (line 6) * symbol index: ar. (line 27) * symbol index, listing: nm. (line 210) * symbol line numbers: nm. (line 180) * symbol table entries, printing: objdump. (line 325) * symbols: nm. (line 6) * symbols, discarding: strip. (line 6) * thin archives: ar. (line 39) * undefined symbols: nm. (line 245) * unwind information: readelf. (line 106) * Update ELF header: elfedit. (line 6) * updating an archive: ar. (line 253) * version: Top. (line 6) * VMA in objdump: objdump. (line 78) * wide output, printing: objdump. (line 469) * writing archive index: ar. (line 235) * Xtensa instruction tables: objdump. (line 457) * Xtensa parameter file <1>: addr2line. (line 138) * Xtensa parameter file <2>: size. (line 132) * Xtensa parameter file <3>: objdump. (line 446) * Xtensa parameter file <4>: objcopy. (line 658) * Xtensa parameter file: nm. (line 278)  Tag Table: Node: Top2083 Node: Revisions3594 Node: ar3963 Node: nm15999 Node: objcopy26513 Node: objdump55727 Node: ranlib74458 Node: size75993 Node: strings81951 Node: strip84411 Node: c++filt91629 Ref: c++filt-Footnote-196484 Node: addr2line96590 Node: readelf102488 Node: elfedit110041 Node: Common Options112286 Node: Target Selection113389 Node: Architecture Selection114821 Node: GNU Free Documentation License115584 Node: History140756 Node: Binutils Index141513  End Tag Table